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Sökning: AMNE:(NATURAL SCIENCES Physical Sciences) > Södertörns högskola

  • Resultat 1-10 av 42
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1.
  • Hansen, Kjetil Falkenberg, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Ljudskrapan/The Soundscraper : Sound exploration for children with complex needs, accommodating hearing aids and cochlear implants
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Sound and Music Computing Conference, SMC 2011. - : Sound and Music Computing Network. - 9788897385035 ; , s. 70-76
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper describes a system for accommodating active listening for persons with hearing aids or cochlear implants, with a special focus on children with complex needs, for instance at an early stage of cognitive development and with additional physical disabilities. The system is called Ljudskrapan (or the Soundscraper in English) and consists of a software part in Pure data and a hardware part using an Arduino microcontroller with a combination of sensors. For both the software and hardware development, one of the most important aspects was to always ensure that the system was flexible enough to cater for the very different conditions that are characteristic of the intended user group.The Soundscraper has been tested with 25 children with good results. An increased attention span was reported, as well as surprising and positive reactions from children where the caregivers were unsure whether they could hear at all. The sound generating models, the sensors and the parameter mapping were simple, but provided a controllable and complex enough sound environment even with limited interaction.
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2.
  • Para, Alessia, 1972- (författare)
  • Meristem Maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the structure that shapes the aerial architecture of the plant, by producing lateral organs throughout development. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM is always identifiable as a characteristic dome, whether it is found in the centre of a rosette of leaves or at the tip of an inflorescence. When senescence occurs and organogenesis ceases, the now inactive SAM still retains its characteristic appearance and it is never consumed into a terminal structure, such as a flower. Mutant plants that undergo termination represent a valuable tool to understand how the SAM structure and function are maintained during plant life. The aim of this work was to investigate the dynamics of meristem development through morphological and genetic studies of three Arabidopsis mutants that exhibit distinct modes of SAM termination: distorted architecture 1 (dar1), adenosine kinase 1 (adk1) and terminal flower 2 (tfl2). The dar1 mutation is characterised by a severely distorted cellular architecture within the SAM. We propose that dar1 affects the pattern of cell differentiation and/or cell proliferation within the SAM apical dome, resulting in termination by meristem consumption. Instead, the adk1 mutation affects the organogenic potential of the SAM, without altering its structure. The adk1 mutant has increased levels of cytokinins and, as a consequence of this, cell division is enhanced and cell differentiation is prevented in the apex, causing termination by meristem arrest. Finally, tfl2 is mutated in the conserved chromatin remodelling factor HP1, a transcriptional repressor with multiple roles during plant development. The tfl2 SAM terminates by conversion into a floral structure, due to de-repression of floral identity genes. Interestingly, tfl2 mutants also show an altered response to light, an indication that TFL2 might act as a repressor also in the context of light signalling.
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3.
  • Asplund, Maria. E., 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamics and fate of blue carbon in a mangrove-seagrass seascape : influence of landscape configuration and land-use change
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 36, s. 1489-1509
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context Seagrass meadows act as efficient natural carbon sinks by sequestering atmospheric CO2 and through trapping of allochthonous organic material, thereby preserving organic carbon (C-org) in their sediments. Less understood is the influence of landscape configuration and transformation (land-use change) on carbon sequestration dynamics in coastal seascapes across the land-sea interface. Objectives We explored the influence of landscape configuration and degradation of adjacent mangroves on the dynamics and fate of C-org in seagrass habitats. Methods Through predictive modelling, we assessed sedimentary C-org content, stocks and source composition in multiple seascapes (km-wide buffer zones) dominated by different seagrass communities in northwest Madagascar. The study area encompassed seagrass meadows adjacent to intact and deforested mangroves. Results The sedimentary C-org content was influenced by a combination of landscape metrics and inherent habitat plant- and sediment-properties. We found a strong land-to-sea gradient, likely driven by hydrodynamic forces, generating distinct patterns in sedimentary C-org levels in seagrass seascapes. There was higher C-org content and a mangrove signal in seagrass surface sediments closer to the deforested mangrove area, possibly due to an escalated export of C-org from deforested mangrove soils. Seascapes comprising large continuous seagrass meadows had higher sedimentary C-org levels in comparison to more diverse and patchy seascapes. Conclusion Our results emphasize the benefit to consider the influence of seascape configuration and connectivity to accurately assess C-org content in coastal habitats. Understanding spatial patterns of variability and what is driving the observed patterns is useful for identifying carbon sink hotspots and develop management prioritizations.
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4.
  • Reitalu, Triin, et al. (författare)
  • Plant species segregation on different spatial scales in semi-natural grasslands
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 19:3, s. 407-416
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Question: We studied the patterns of plant species co-occurrence on three, nested, spatial scales in semi-natural grassland communities and explored the possible ecological processes underlying the patterns. Location: Dry, semi-natural grasslands in a 4.5 km x 4.5 km area on the Baltic Island of Oland (Sweden). Methods: The study used replicated samples on three, nested, spatial scales: 50 cm x 50 cm plots (N= 516), grassland patches (N = 109) and the whole landscape (N= 6). We used a null model approach to study species co-occurrence patterns and compared the ecological amplitudes of the pairs of species contributing most to the patterns. We used linear models to search for associations between species segregation and environmental and landscape factors. Results and Conclusions: Our results support the prediction that patterns of species co-occurrence are likely to be influenced by different mechanisms on different spatial scales. On the plot scale, we interpreted the species segregation in terms of species interactions. The degree of species segregation was significantly associated with the plots'positions within the grassland patches (edge effects) and with management intensity of the grasslands - both variables can be assumed to influence species interactions. On the grassland patch scale, we interpreted the species segregation in terms of within-patch environmental heterogeneity. The degree of segregation was significantly associated with the area of the grassland patches and with management intensity - both variables that are likely to be related to environmental heterogeneity within the grasslands. Species segregation on the landscape scale was interpreted in terms of environmental heterogeneity among grassland patches and was significantly associated with land-use history
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5.
  • Reitalu, Triin, et al. (författare)
  • Small-scale plant species richness and evenness in semi-natural grasslands respond differently to habitat fragmentation
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2917 .- 0006-3207. ; 142:4, s. 899-908
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study explores whether small-scale species diversity, species evenness and species richness in semi-natural grassland communities are similarly associated with present management regime and/or present and historical landscape context (percentage of different land-cover types in the surroundings). Species diversity, evenness and richness were recorded within 44150 x 50 cm grassland plots in a 4.5 x 4.5 km agricultural landscape on bland, Sweden. Recent and historical land-cover maps (years 2004, 1959, 1938, 1835, and 1800) were used to characterize the present and past landscape context of the sampled vegetation plots. Partial regression and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to explore the relationships between species diversity measures (Shannon diversity, richness and evenness) and different explanatory variables while accounting for spatial autocorrelation in the data. The results indicated that species richness was relatively sensitive to grassland isolation, while the response of species evenness to isolation was characterized by a degree of inertia. Because the richness and evenness components of species diversity may respond differently to habitat fragmentation, we suggest that monitoring projects and empirical studies that focus on changes in biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands should include the assessment of species evenness - as a complement to the assessment of species richness. In addition, our results indicated that the development and persistence of a species-rich and even grassland vegetation was favoured in areas that have historically (in the 19th century) been surrounded by grasslands. Information on landscape history should, whenever possible, be incorporated into the planning of strategies for grassland conservation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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6.
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7.
  • Albernaz, Daniel L., et al. (författare)
  • Thermodynamics of a real fluid near the critical point in numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 28:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigate the behavior of a fluid near the critical point by using numerical simulations of weakly compressible three-dimensional isotropic turbulence. Much has been done for a turbulent flow with an ideal gas. The primary focus of this work is to analyze fluctuations of thermodynamic variables (pressure, density, and temperature) when a non-ideal Equation Of State (EOS) is considered. In order to do so, a hybrid lattice Boltzmann scheme is applied to solve the momentum and energy equations. Previously unreported phenomena are revealed as the temperature approaches the critical point. Fluctuations in pressure, density, and temperature increase, followed by changes in their respective probability density functions. Due to the non-linearity of the EOS, it is seen that variances of density and temperature and their respective covariance are equally important close to the critical point. Unlike the ideal EOS case, significant differences in the thermodynamic properties are also observed when the Reynolds number is increased. We also address issues related to the spectral behavior and scaling of density, pressure, temperature, and kinetic energy.
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8.
  • Bredenberg, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling zinc sulfhydryl bonds in zinc fingers
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0020-7608 .- 1097-461X. ; 83:3-4, s. 230-244
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out employing three different model descriptions of the zinc sulfhydryl interactions in class II fingers. One bonded and two nonbonded models were studied. Two variant structures of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding; domain and a NMR structure from a fragment of methionyl-tRNA synthetase were subjected to long-time MD simulations with these models. Our analysis is focused on comparison with experimental and quantum mechanical data, concerning the local Zn-finger and overall structural and dynamic properties for these models. All models performed M ell, but the nonbonded models appeared to reproduce the protein dynamics in better agreement with experimental data than does the bonded description.
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9.
  • Lundén, Thomas, 1943- (författare)
  • Geografi – världens [minsta?] ämne!
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Geografiska Notiser. - : Geografilärarnas riksförening. - 0016-724X. ; LXXVIII:1-2, s. 17-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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10.
  • Katrantsiotis, Christos, et al. (författare)
  • Holocene relative sea level changes in the Västervik‐Gamlebyviken region on the southeast coast of Sweden, southern Baltic Sea
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Boreas. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 52:2, s. 206-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We reconstruct the Holocene shore displacement of the Västervik-Gamlebyviken area on the southeast coast of Sweden, characterised by a maritime cultural landscape and archaeological significance since the Mesolithic. Sediment cores were retrieved from four lake basins that have been raised above sea level due to the postglacial land uplift and eustatic sea level changes after the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The cores were radiocarbon dated and analysed for loss on ignition and diatoms. The isolation thresholds of the basins were determined using LiDAR data. The results provide evidence for the initiation of the first Littorina Sea transgression in this area at 8.5 thousand calibrated years before present (cal. ka BP). A relative sea level rise by ∼7 m a.s.l. is recorded between 8.0 and 7.5 cal. ka BP with a highstand at ∼22 m a.s.l. between 7.5 and 6.2 cal. ka BP. These phases coincide with the second and third Littorina Sea transgressions, respectively, in the Blekinge area, southern Sweden and are consistent with the final deglaciation of North America. After 6.2 cal. ka BP, the relative sea level dropped below 22 m a.s.l., and remained at ∼20 m a.s.l. until 4.6 cal. ka BP coinciding with the fourth Littorina Sea transgression in Blekinge. From 4.6 to 4.2 cal. ka BP, the shore displacement shows a regression rate of 10 mm a−1 followed by a slowdown with a mean value of 4.6 mm a−1 until 1.6 cal. ka BP, when the relative sea level dropped below 3.3 m a.s.l. The Middle to Late Holocene highstand and other periods of minor sea level transgressions and/or higher salinity between 6.2 and 1.7 cal. ka BP are attributed to a combination of warmer climate and higher inflow of saline waters in the southern Baltic Sea due to stronger westerlies, caused by variations in the North Atlantic atmospheric patterns.
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