| 1. |
- Pusztai, Istvan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamo in Weakly Collisional Nonmagnetized Plasmas Impeded by Landau Damping of Magnetic Fields
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 124:25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform fully kinetic simulations of flows known to produce dynamo in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), considering scenarios with low Reynolds number and high magnetic Prandtl number, relevant for galaxy cluster scale fluctuation dynamos. We find that Landau damping on the electrons leads to a rapid decay of magnetic perturbations, impeding the dynamo. This collisionless damping process operates on spatial scales where electrons are nonmagnetized, reducing the range of scales where the magnetic field grows in high magnetic Prandtl number fluctuation dynamos. When electrons are not magnetized down to the resistive scale, the magnetic energy spectrum is expected to be limited by the scale corresponding to magnetic Landau damping or, if smaller, the electron gyroradius scale, instead of the resistive scale. In simulations we thus observe decaying magnetic fields where resistive MHD would predict a dynamo.
|
|
| 2. |
- Del Sordo, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic-field decay of three interlocked flux rings with zero linking number
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 81:3, s. 36401-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resistive decay of chains of three interlocked magnetic flux rings is considered. Depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic field in the three rings, the late-time decay can be either fast or slow. Thus, the qualitative degree of tangledness is less important than the actual value of the linking number or, equivalently, the net magnetic helicity. Our results do not suggest that invariants of higher order than that of the magnetic helicity need to be considered to characterize the decay of the field.
|
|
| 3. |
- Plasson, Raphaël, et al.
(författare)
-
Homochirality and the Need for Energy
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-6149 .- 1573-0875. ; 40, s. 93-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms for explaining how a stable asymmetric chemical system can be formed from a symmetric chemical system, in the absence of any asymmetric influence other than statistical fluctuations, have been developed during the last decades, focusing on the non-linear kinetic aspects. Besides the absolute necessity of self-amplification processes, the importance of energetic aspects is often underestimated. Going down to the most fundamental aspects, the distinction between a single object—that can be intrinsically asymmetric—and a collection of objects—whose racemic state is the more stable one—must be emphasized. A system of strongly interacting objects can be described as one single object retaining its individuality and a single asymmetry; weakly or non-interacting objects keep their own individuality, and are prone to racemize towards the equilibrium state. In the presence of energy fluxes, systems can be maintained in an asymmetric non-equilibrium steady-state. Such dynamical systems can retain their asymmetry for times longer than their racemization time.
|
|
| 4. |
- Warnecke, Jörn, 1982-
(författare)
-
Flux emergence: flares and coronal mass ejections driven by dynamo action underneath the solar surface
- 2011
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Helically shaped magnetic field structuresknown as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are closely related to so-called eruptive flares. On the one hand, these events are broadly believed to be due tothe buoyant rise of magnetic flux tubes from the bottom of the convection zone to the photosphere where they form structures such as sunspots. On the other hand, models of eruptive flares and CMEs have no connection to the convection zone and the magnetic field generated bydynamo action. It is well known that a dynamo can produce helical structures and twisted magnetic fields as observed in the Sun. In this work we ask, how a dynamo-generated magnetic field appears above the surface without buoyancy force and how this field evolves inthe outer atmosphere of the Sun. We apply a new approach of a two layer model, where the lower one represents the convection zone and the upper one the solar corona. The two layers are included in one single simulation domain. In the lower layer, we use a helical forcing function added to the momentum equation to create a turbulent dynamo. Due to dynamo action, a large-scale field is formed. As a first step we use a Cartesian cube. We solve the equations of the so-called force-free model in the upper layer to create nearly force-free coronal magnetic fields. In a second step we use a spherical wedge, which extends radially from 0.7 to 2 solar radii. We include density stratification due to gravity in anisothermal domain. The wedge includes both hemispheres of the Sun and we apply a helicalforcing with different signs in each hemisphere. As a result, a large-scale field is generated by a turbulent dynamo acting underneath the surface. Due to the latitudinal variation of the helicity produced by the helical forcing, the dynamo is oscillating in the spherical wedge. Twisted magnetic fields emerge above the surface and form arch-like structures with strong current sheets. Plasmoids and CME-like structures are ejected recurrently into the outerlayers. In the spherical simulations we find that the magnetic helicity changes sign in the exterior, which is in agreement with recent analysis of the solar wind data.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jabbari, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
BIPOLAR MAGNETIC SPOTS FROM DYNAMOS IN STRATIFIED SPHERICAL SHELL TURBULENCE
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 805:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work by Mitra et al. (2014) has shown that in strongly stratified forced two-layer turbulence with helicity and corresponding large-scale dynamo action in the lower layer, and nonhelical turbulence in the upper, a magnetic field occurs in the upper layer in the form of sharply bounded bipolar magnetic spots. Here we extend this model to spherical wedge geometry covering the northern hemisphere up to 75 degrees latitude and an azimuthal extent of 180 degrees. The kinetic helicity and therefore also the large-scale magnetic field are strongest at low latitudes. For moderately strong stratification, several bipolar spots form that eventually fill the full longitudinal extent. At early times, the polarity of spots reflects the orientation of the underlying azimuthal field, as expected from Parker's Omega-shaped flux loops. At late times their tilt changes such that there is a radial field of opposite orientation at different latitudes separated by about 10 degrees. Our model demonstrates the spontaneous formation of spots of sizes much larger than the pressure scale height. Their tendency to produce filling factors close to unity is argued to be reminiscent of highly active stars. We confirm that strong stratification and strong scale separation are essential ingredients behind magnetic spot formation, which appears to be associated with downflows at larger depths.
|
|
| 6. |
- Jabbari, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Surface flux concentrations in a spherical alpha 2 dynamo
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. In the presence of strong density stratification, turbulence can lead to the large-scale instability of a horizontal magnetic field if its strength is in a suitable range (around a few percent of the turbulent equipartition value). This instability is related to a suppression of the turbulent pressure so that the turbulent contribution to the mean magnetic pressure becomes negative. This results in the excitation of a negative effective magnetic pressure instability (NEMPI). This instability has so far only been studied for an imposed magnetic field. Aims. We want to know how NEMPI works when the mean magnetic field is generated self-consistently by an alpha(2) dynamo, whether it is affected by global spherical geometry, and whether it can influence the properties of the dynamo itself. Methods. We adopt the mean-field approach, which has previously been shown to provide a realistic description of NEMPI in direct numerical simulations. We assume axisymmetry and solve the mean-field equations with the Pencil Code for an adiabatic stratification at a total density contrast in the radial direction of approximate to 4 orders of magnitude. Results. NEMPI is found to work when the dynamo-generated field is about 4% of the equipartition value, which is achieved through strong alpha quenching. This instability is excited in the top 5% of the outer radius, provided the density contrast across this top layer is at least 10. NEMPI is found to occur at lower latitudes when the mean magnetic field is stronger. For weaker fields, NEMPI can make the dynamo oscillatory with poleward migration. Conclusions. NEMPI is a viable mechanism for producing magnetic flux concentrations in a strongly stratified spherical shell in which a magnetic field is generated by a strongly quenched alpha effect dynamo.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rivero Losada, Illa, et al.
(författare)
-
Competition of rotation and stratification in flux concentrations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. In a strongly stratified turbulent layer, a uniform horizontal magnetic field can become unstable and spontaneously form local flux concentrations due to a negative contribution of turbulence to the large-scale (mean-field) magnetic pressure. This mechanism, which is called negative effective magnetic pressure instability (NEMPI), is of interest in connection with dynamo scenarios in which most of the magnetic field resides in the bulk of the convection zone and not at the bottom, as is often assumed. Recent work using mean-field hydromagnetic equations has shown that NEMPI becomes suppressed at rather low rotation rates with Coriolis numbers as low as 0.1. Aims. Here we extend these earlier investigations by studying the effects of rotation both on the development of NEMPI and on the effective magnetic pressure. We also quantify the kinetic helicity resulting from direct numerical simulations (DNS) with Coriolis numbers and strengths of stratification comparable to values near the solar surface and compare it with earlier work at smaller scale separation ratios. Further, we estimate the expected observable signals of magnetic helicity at the solar surface. Methods. To calculate the rotational effect on the effective magnetic pressure we consider both DNS and analytical studies using the tau approach. To study the effects of rotation on the development of NEMPI we use both DNS and mean-field calculations of the three-dimensional hydromagnetic equations in a Cartesian domain. Results. We find that the growth rates of NEMPI from earlier mean-field calculations are well reproduced with DNS, provided the Coriolis number is below 0.06. In that case, kinetic and magnetic helicities are found to be weak and the rotational effect on the effective magnetic pressure is negligible as long as the production of flux concentrations is not inhibited by rotation. For faster rotation, dynamo action becomes possible. However, there is an intermediate range of rotation rates where dynamo action on its own is not yet possible, but the rotational suppression of NEMPI is being alleviated. Conclusions. Production of magnetic flux concentrations through the suppression of turbulent pressure appears to be possible only in the uppermost layers of the Sun, where the convective turnover time is less than two hours.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rivero Losada, Illa, et al.
(författare)
-
Rotational effects on the negative magnetic pressure instability
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 548
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The surface layers of the Sun are strongly stratified. In the presence of turbulence with a weak mean magnetic field, a large-scale instability resulting in the formation of nonuniform magnetic structures, can be excited on the scale of many (more than ten) turbulent eddies (or convection cells). This instability is caused by a negative contribution of turbulence to the effective (mean-field) magnetic pressure and has previously been discussed in connection with the formation of active regions. Aims. We want to understand the effects of rotation on this instability in both two and three dimensions. Methods. We use mean-field magnetohydrodynamics in a parameter regime in which the properties of the negative effective magnetic pressure instability have previously been found to agree with properties of direct numerical simulations. Results. We find that the instability is already suppressed for relatively slow rotation with Coriolis numbers (i.e. inverse Rossby numbers) around 0.2. The suppression is strongest at the equator. In the nonlinear regime, we find traveling wave solutions with propagation in the prograde direction at the equator with additional poleward migration away from the equator. Conclusions. We speculate that the prograde rotation of the magnetic pattern near the equator might be a possible explanation for the faster rotation speed of magnetic tracers relative to the plasma velocity on the Sun. In the bulk of the domain, kinetic and current helicities are negative in the northern hemisphere and positive in the southern.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kahniashvili, Tina, et al.
(författare)
-
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Limits and Relic Gravitational-Wave Detection Prospects
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 128:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We revisit the big bang nucleosynthesis limits on primordial magnetic fields and/or turbulent motions accounting for the decaying nature of turbulent sources between the time of generation and big bang nucleosynthesis. This leads to larger estimates for the gravitational wave signal than previously expected. We address the detection prospects through space-based interferometers and pulsar timing arrays or astrometric missions for gravitational waves generated around the electroweak and quantum chromodynamics energy scale, respectively.
|
|
| 10. |
- Käpylä, Petri J., et al.
(författare)
-
Oscillatory large-scale dynamos from Cartesian convection simulations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0309-1929 .- 1029-0419. ; 107:1-2, s. 244-257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from compressible Cartesian convection simulations with and without imposed shear. In the former case the dynamo is expected to be of 2 type, which is generally expected to be relevant for the Sun, whereas the latter case refers to 2 dynamos that are more likely to occur in more rapidly rotating stars whose differential rotation is small. We perform a parameter study where the shear flow and the rotational influence are varied to probe the relative importance of both types of dynamos. Oscillatory solutions are preferred both in the kinematic and saturated regimes when the negative ratio of shear to rotation rates, qS/, is between 1.5 and 2, i.e. when shear and rotation are of comparable strengths. Other regions of oscillatory solutions are found with small values of q, i.e. when shear is weak in comparison to rotation, and in the regime of large negative qs, when shear is very strong in comparison to rotation. However, exceptions to these rules also appear so that for a given ratio of shear to rotation, solutions are non-oscillatory for small and large shear, but oscillatory in the intermediate range. Changing the boundary conditions from vertical field to perfect conductor ones changes the dynamo mode from oscillatory to quasi-steady. Furthermore, in many cases an oscillatory solution exists only in the kinematic regime whereas in the nonlinear stage the mean fields are stationary. However, the cases with rotation and no shear are always oscillatory in the parameter range studied here and the dynamo mode does not depend on the magnetic boundary conditions. The strengths of total and large-scale components of the magnetic field in the saturated state, however, are sensitive to the chosen boundary conditions.
|
|
