| 1. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Review and assessment of self-reports of travel-related emotional wellbeing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Travel behavior research has only started to address how travel affects emotional wellbeing. The development of measurement methods is an important goal of this research.Methods: A review and assessment of methods of measuring travel-related emotional wellbeing is presented guided by a conceptual framework specifying what is measured (cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, or moods), the way it is measured (proactively, instantaneously, or retrospectively), and when it is measured (before, during, or after travel). Anticipated, current, residual and recalled moods are the objects of the measurement. Only studies of commuting or other types of daily travel are addressed.Results: We find that no research has measured anticipated moods, some research has measured current moods before, after and during travel, and most research has measured recalled moods.Conclusions: The most valid and reliable method is to measure current mood instantaneously at several points in time, before, during, and after travel. A measure of emotional wellbeing can then be obtained by objective aggregation. An approximate more feasible method is to retrospectively measure recalled moods for a given specified time period that may not only include travel. The available methods for measuring recalled moods have acceptable psychometric properties but research is needed to validate these methods by comparing the results to an objective aggregation of instantaneous measures of current mood at different points in time.
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| 2. |
- Sandberg, Petra, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Memory plasticity in older adults : Cognitive predictors of training response and maintenance following learning of number-consonant mnemonic
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychological rehabilitation (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-2011 .- 1464-0694. ; 26:5-6, s. 742-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the relationship between cognitive factors and gains in number recall following training in a number–consonant mnemonic in a sample of 112 older adults (M = 70.9 years). The cognitive factors examined included baseline episodic memory, working memory, processing speed, and verbal knowledge. In addition, predictors of maintenance of gains to a follow-up assessment, eight months later, were examined. Whereas working memory was a prominent predictor of baseline recall, the magnitude of gains in recall from pre- to post-test assessments were predicted by baseline episodic memory, processing speed, and verbal knowledge. Verbal knowledge was the only significant predictor of maintenance. Collectively, the results indicate the need to consider multiple factors to account for individual differences in memory plasticity. The potential contribution of additional factors to individual differences in memory plasticity is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Costache, Madalina Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Higher- and lower-order personality traits and cluster subtypes in social anxiety disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can come in different forms, presenting problems for diagnostic classification. Here, we examined personality traits in a large sample of patients (N = 265) diagnosed with SAD in comparison to healthy controls (N = 164) by use of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In addition, we identified subtypes of SAD based on cluster analysis of the NEO-PI-R Big Five personality dimensions. Significant group differences in personality traits between patients and controls were noted on all Big Five dimensions except agreeableness. Group differences were further noted on most lower-order facets of NEO-PI-R, and nearly all KSP variables. A logistic regression analysis showed, however, that only neuroticism and extraversion remained significant independent predictors of patient/control group when controlling for the effects of the other Big Five dimensions. Also, only neuroticism and extraversion yielded large effect sizes when SAD patients were compared to Swedish normative data for the NEO-PI-R. A two-step cluster analysis resulted in three separate clusters labelled Prototypical (33%), Introvert-Conscientious (29%), and Instable-Open (38%) SAD. Individuals in the Prototypical cluster deviated most on the Big Five dimensions and they were at the most severe end in profile analyses of social anxiety, self-rated fear during public speaking, trait anxiety, and anxiety-related KSP variables. While additional studies are needed to determine if personality subtypes in SAD differ in etiological and treatment-related factors, the present results demonstrate considerable personality heterogeneity in socially anxious individuals, further underscoring that SAD is a multidimensional disorder.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Gabriella, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The time-saving bias : Judgements, cognition and perception
- 2013
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1930-2975. ; 8:4, s. 492-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biases in people's judgments of time saved by increasing the speed of an activity have been studied mainly with hypothetical scenarios (Svenson, 2008). The present study asked whether the classic time-saving bias persists as a perceptual bias when we control the speed of an activity and assess the perceived time elapsed at different speeds. Specifically, we investigated the time-saving bias in a driving simulator. Each participant was asked to first drive a distance at a given speed and then drive the same distance again at the speed she or he judged necessary to gain exactly three minutes in travel time compared to the first trip. We found that that the time-saving bias applies to active driving and that it affects the choice of driving speed. The drivers' time-saving judgements show that the perception of the time elapsed while driving does not eliminate the time-saving bias.
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| 5. |
- Malmberg Gavelin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Neural activation in stress-related exhaustion : cross-sectional observations and interventional effects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - Clare : Elsevier. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 269, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between burnout and neural activation during working memory processing in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Additionally, we investigated the neural effects of cognitive training as part of stress rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of exhaustion disorder were administered the n-back task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Ten patients completed a 12-week cognitive training intervention, as an addition to stress rehabilitation. Eleven patients served as a treatment-as-usual control group. At baseline, burnout level was positively associated with neural activation in the rostral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex and the striatum, primarily in the 2-back condition. Following stress rehabilitation, the striatal activity decreased as a function of improved levels of burnout. No significant association between burnout level and working memory performance was found, however, our findings indicate that frontostriatal neural responses related to working memory were modulated by burnout severity. We suggest that patients with high levels of burnout need to recruit additional cognitive resources to uphold task performance. Following cognitive training, increased neural activation was observed during 3-back in working memory-related regions, including the striatum, however, low sample size limits any firm conclusions.
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| 6. |
- Werbart, Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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New Skills for Distance Regulation : Therapists' Experiences of Remote Psychotherapy Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of psychotherapy integration. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0479 .- 1573-3696. ; 34:1, s. 27-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic forced many therapists to shift from in-person sessions to the use of communication technology. This shift actualizes the issue of for whom and when remote therapy is suitable and how the therapeutic technique should be adjusted. Our study explored therapists' long-term experiences of remote psychotherapy after this transition. Data were collected about 2 years after World Health Organization's (WHO's) declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Semistructured interviews with 10 therapists with different treatment orientations were analyzed, applying the qualitative method of inductive experiential thematic analysis. The therapists said that the use of communication technology implied a new and different in-session interaction, inclusive of changed relational dynamics and the need to adjust their way of working. All therapists experienced possibilities and advantages as well as difficulties and challenges with remote psychotherapy. As time went on, they gained both positive and negative new experiences of the distinctive features of remote therapy and became more comfortable with remote communication. Above all, they acquired new technical and relational skills. Taken together, the therapists' experiences illustrate the need to develop new skills for negotiating setting alternations and distance regulation and to adapt therapeutic interventions when shifting between in-person settings and remote sessions.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Athlete burnout : an integrated model and future research directions
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. - 1750-984X .- 1750-9858. ; 4:1, s. 3-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Athlete burnout is a multifaceted phenomenon. As a consequence, several attempts have been made to describe it from both a process and a state perspective. A number of theories and models exist that deal with the process of burning out and/or its antecedents. When viewed separately, the presented findings may be perceived as contradicting each other, or at best as confusing. To advance the field, we offer a comprehensive review of what is presently known within the area of athlete burnout and what new knowledge is needed. Furthermore, we suggest an integrated model of athlete burnout. This model includes major antecedents, early signs, consequences, and factors related to personality, coping and the environment. Our purpose is not to present the definitive model but to create a conceptual understanding of the field as it is seen today, and thereby stimulate empirical research to further advance the knowledge base.
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| 8. |
- Allvin, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Den utbredda flexibiliteten : ett försök att beräkna förekomsten av lågreglerade arbetsvillkor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Stockholm : Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 18:1, s. 9-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nästan 30 år efter det att begreppet flexibilitet i arbetslivet kom i bruk råder det fortfarande stor osäkerhet om vad begreppet innebär och hur vanligt det egentligen är. I artikeln diskuteras flexibilitet utifrån en representativ studie av den svenska arbetskraften. I studien konstateras att både traditionellt organiserade och helt fria arbeten är relativt ovanliga. Däremot är flexibla arbetsvillkor desto mer vanligt förekommande och spridda i varierande grad bland den svenska arbetskraften.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Det kontrollerade chefskapet : variationer i genusmärkta verksamheter
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 17:4, s. 79-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Även om ett flertal studier undersöker betydelsen av New Public Management (NPM) för välfärdsstatens organisationer finns det få komparativa studier av NPM inom olika verksamheter. I denna studie intervjuas kommunala chefer i syfte att jämföra hur NPM omsätts i praktiken inom en teknisk verksamhet och en omsorgsverksamhet. Resultaten visar att verksamheternas genusmärkning innebär olika förutsättningar för cheferna att hantera NPM.
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| 10. |
- Guthenberg, Johan
(författare)
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Kan ett utvecklande ledarskap dämpa anställningsotrygghetens negativa hälsoeffekter?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 17:1, s. 37-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anställningsotrygghet har tidigare kopplats till olika former av ohälsa bland anställda. Syftet med föreliggande tvärsnittsstudie var att studera sambanden mellan anställningsotrygghet (kvantitativ, kvalitativ) och ohälsovariablerna utbrändhet (utmattning, distansering) och psykisk ohälsa samt huruvida ett utvecklande/transformativt ledarskap modererar dessa hypotetiska samband. Deltagare i studien var fackligt anslutna akademiker. Analyserna visar att kvalitativ anställningsotrygghet är en kraftfullare prediktor av ohälsa jämfört med kvantitativ anställningsotrygghet samt att utvecklande/transformativt ledarskap modererar sambanden mellan kvantitativ anställningsotrygghet och ohälsa.
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