| 1. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Advancing Intervention Science Through Effectiveness Research : A Global Perspective
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Child and Youth Care Forum. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1053-1890 .- 1573-3319. ; 41:2, s. 109-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Effectiveness research is maturing as a field within intervention and prevention science. Effectiveness research involves the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the dissemination of evidence-based interventions in everyday circumstances (i.e., type 2 translational research). Effectiveness research is characterized by diverse types of research studies. Progress in this field has the potential to inform several debates within intervention science [e.g., fidelity versus local and cultural adaptation; identification of core components, effective dissemination systems). Objective: To provide illustrations from different countries (Ireland, Italy, South Africa, Sweden, New Zealand, and the United States) of how intervention science might raise the value of future effectiveness or type 2 translational research. Methods: Themes raised by individual articles and across articles are summarized and expanded on in this commentary. Results: Themes consist of raising awareness about the importance of effectiveness research on the cultural adaptation of evidence-based interventions and intervention support structures, as well as further development of strategies to bridge the gap between research and practice. Conclusions: Effectiveness research has an important role to play in affecting systemic change on a population level and allowing us to gain a realistic global understanding of the phenomena we hope to change through interventions. Articles in this special issue provide reports from social scientists and practitioners located in various parts of the world and offer a rich, diverse portrait of effectiveness research and theory development. The totality of the work contained in this special issue anticipates many of the changes that intervention and prevention science will undergo as we progress and develop effective dissemination strategies for evidence-based interventions that promote positive youth development and prevent youth and family problems on a global scale.
|
|
| 2. |
- Schenkman, Bo N., et al.
(författare)
-
Human echolocation : Pitch versus loudness information
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 0301-0066 .- 1468-4233. ; 40:7, s. 840-852
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blind persons emit sounds to detect objects by echolocation. Both perceived pitch and perceived loudness of the emitted sound change as they fuse with the reflections from nearby objects: Blind persons generally are better than sighted at echolocation, but it is unclear whether this superiority is related to detection of pitch, loudness, or both. We measured the ability of twelve blind and twenty-five sighted listeners to determine which of two sounds, 500 ms noise bursts, that had been recorded in the presence of a reflecting object in a room with reflecting walls using an artificial head. The sound pairs were original recordings differing in both pitch and loudness, or manipulated recordings with either the pitch or the loudness information removed. Observers responded using a 2AFC method with verbal feedback. For both blind and sighted listeners the performance declined more with the pitch information removed than with the loudness information removed. In addition, the blind performed clearly better than the sighted as long as the pitch information was present, but not when it was removed. Taken together, these results show that the ability to detect pitch is a main factor underlying high performance in human echolocation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lamarche, Anick, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish version of the Voice Handicap Index adapted for singers
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 35:3, s. 129-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a Swedish version of the Voice Handicap Index adapted for singers. A total of 96 healthy singers and 30 singer-patients completed the questionnaire. Validity and reliability, internal coherence, and group differences were assessed. The singer- patient group had significantly higher scores than the control group. Reliability was confirmed by high Cronbach's (> 0.78) for test-retest scores, and for each of the sub-scales. Test-retest stability in both groups was confirmed by high correlation values alpha (> 0.8). Overall scores compared closely to those from previous reports. The Swedish translation of the adapted VHI for singers (RHI-s) is valid and reliable and shows sensitivity to the singer's concerns. It can be considered a useful tool in the clinical assessment of Swedish healthy or pathological singers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Petersson Troije, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Outdoor Office Work : An Interactive Research Project Showing the Way Out
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physical boundaries of office work have become increasingly flexible. Work is conducted at multiple locations outside the office, such as at clients' premises, at home, in cafés, or when traveling. However, the boundary between indoor and outdoor environment seems to be strong and normative regarding how office work is performed. The aim of this study was to explore how office work may be conducted outdoors, understanding how it is being experienced by office employees and identifying its contextual preconditions. Based on a two-year interactive research project, the study was conducted together with a Swedish municipality. Fifty-eight participants engaged in the collaborative learning process, including 40 half-day workshops and reflective group discussions, co-interviews, and participants' independent experimentation of bringing work activities outdoors. Data was collected via interviews, group discussions and a custom-made mobile application. The results showed that a wide range of work activities could be done outdoors, both individually and in collaboration with others. Outdoor work activities were associated with many positive experiences by contributing to a sense of well-being, recovery, autonomy, enhanced cognition, better communication, and social relations, but also with feelings of guilt and illegitimacy. Conditions of importance for outdoor office work to happen and function well were found in the physical environment, where proximity to urban greenspaces stood out as important, but also in the sociocultural and organizational domains. Of crucial importance was managers' attitudes, as well as the overall organizational culture on this idea of bringing office work outdoors. To conclude, if working life is to benefit from outdoor office work, leaders, urban planners and policymakers need to collaborate and show the way out.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bolin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrasound and low frequency noise from wind turbines : exposure and health effects
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 6:3, s. 035103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind turbines emit low frequency noise (LFN) and large turbines generally generate more LFN than small turbines. The dominant source of LFN is the interaction between incoming turbulence and the blades. Measurements suggest that indoor levels of LFN in dwellings typically are within recommended guideline values, provided that the outdoor level does not exceed corresponding guidelines for facade exposure. Three cross-sectional questionnaire studies show that annoyance from wind turbine noise is related to the immission level, but several explanations other than low frequency noise are probable. A statistically significant association between noise levels and self-reported sleep disturbance was found in two of the three studies. It has been suggested that LFN from wind turbines causes other, and more serious, health problems, but empirical support for these claims is lacking.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kubik, Veit, et al.
(författare)
-
The underconfidence-with-practice effect in action memory : The contribution of retrieval practice to metacognitive monitoring
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Metacognition and Learning. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1556-1623 .- 1556-1631. ; 17:2, s. 375-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When making memory predictions (judgments of learning; JOLs), people typically underestimate the recall gain across multiple study–test cycles, termed the underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect. This is usually studied with verbal materials, but little is known about how people repeatedly learn and monitor their own actions and to what extent retrieval practice via interim tests influence the progression of JOLs across cycles. Using action phrases (i.e., squeeze the lemon) as learning material, we demonstrated the UWP effect after both verbal and enactive encoding, although we did not get first-cycle overconfidence. As predicted, participants exhibited underconfidence in Cycles 2 and 3, as an error of calibrations. However, people’s resolution of JOLs (i.e., ability to discriminate recalled from unrecalled items) increased across study–test cycles. Importantly, JOLs for study–test (relative to study–study) items increased faster across cycles suggesting that repeated study–test practice not only produces underconfidence across cycles, but also reduces underconfidence relative to study–study practice. We discuss these findings in terms of current explanations of the underconfidence-with-practice effect.
|
|
| 7. |
- Neiberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Classification of affect in speech using normalized time-frequency cepstra
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Speech Prosody 2010. - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. - 9780557519316 ; , s. 100071-1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subtle temporal and spectral differences between categorical realizations of para-linguistic phenomena (e.g., affective vocal expressions) are hard to capture and describe. In this paper we present a signal representation based on Time Varying Constant-Q Cepstral Coeffcients (TVCQCC) derived for this purpose. A method which utilizes the special properties of the constant Q-transform for mean F0 estimation and normalization is described. The coeffcients are invariant to segment length, and as a special case, a representation for prosody is considered. Speaker independent classifcation results using v-SVM with the Berlin EMO-DB and two closed sets of basic (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, neutral) and social/interpersonal (affection, pride, shame) emotions recorded by forty professional actors from two English dialect areas are reported. The accuracy for the Berlin EMO-DB is 71.2 %, and the accuracies for the first set including basic emotions was 44.6% and for the second set including basic and social emotions the accuracy was 31.7% . It was found that F0 normalization boosts the performance and a combined feature set shows the best performance.
|
|
| 8. |
- Neiberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Intra-, inter-, and cross-cultural classification of vocal affect
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Procedings of INTERSPEECH 2011. - Florence, Italy. : International Speech Communication Association. ; , s. 1581-1584, s. 1592-1595
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present intra-, inter- and cross-cultural classifications of vocal expressions. Stimuli were selected from the VENEC corpus and consisted of portrayals of 11 emotions, each expressed with 3 levels of intensity. Classification (nu-SVM) was based on acoustic measures related to pitch, intensity, formants, voice source and duration. Results showed that mean recall across emotions was around 2.4-3 times higher than chance level for both intra- and inter-cultural conditions. For cross-cultural conditions, the relative performance dropped 26%, 32%, and 34% for high, medium, and low emotion intensity, respectively. This suggests that intracultural models were more sensitive to mismatched conditions for low emotion intensity. Preliminary results further indicated that recall rate varied as a function of emotion, with lust and sadness showing the smallest performance drops in the crosscultural condition.
|
|
| 9. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Skedung, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Tactile perception : Finger friction, surface roughness and perceived coarseness
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 44:5, s. 505-512
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finger friction measurements performed on a series of printing papers are evaluated to determine representativeness of a single individual. Results show occasionally large variations in friction coefficients. Noteworthy though is that the trends in friction coefficients are the same, where coated (smoother) papers display higher friction coefficients than uncoated (rougher) papers. The present study also examined the relationship between the measured friction coefficients and surface roughness to the perceived coarseness of the papers. It was found that both roughness and finger friction can be related to perceived coarseness, where group data show that perceived coarseness increases with increasing roughness.
|
|
