1. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Musical groove is correlated with properties of the audio signal as revealed by computational modelling, depending on musical style
- 2009
-
Ingår i: SMC 2009. - Porto : INESC. - 9789899557765 ; , s. 239-240
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With groove we mean the subjective experience of wanting to move rhythmically when listening to music. Previous research has indicated that physical properties of the sound signal contribute to groove - as opposed to mere association due to previous exposure, for example. Here, a number of quantitative descriptors of rhythmic and temporal properties were derived from the audio signal by means of computational modelling methods. The music examples were 100 samples from 5 distinct music styles, which were all unfamiliar to the listeners. Listeners’ ratings of groove were correlated with aspects of rhythmic patterning for Greek, Indian, Samba, and West African music. Microtiming was positively correlated with groove for Samba and negatively correlated with groove for Greek, but had very small unique contributions in addition to the rhythmical properties. For Jazz, none of the measured properties had any significant contributions to groove ratings.
|
|
2. |
|
|
3. |
- Forsman, Lea J, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in regional brain volume related to the extraversion–introversion dimension : a voxel based morphometry study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience research. - : Elsevier. - 0168-0102 .- 1872-8111. ; 72:1, s. 59-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extraverted individuals are sociable, behaviorally active, and happy. We report data from a voxel based morphometry study investigating, for the first time, if regional volume in gray and white matter brain regions is related to extraversion. For both gray and white matter, all correlations between extraversion and regional brain volume were negative, i.e. the regions were larger in introverts. Gray matter correlations were found in regions that included the right prefrontal cortex and the cortex around the right temporo–parietal junction – regions that are known to be involved in behavioral inhibition, introspection, and social-emotional processing, e.g. evaluation of social stimuli and reasoning about the mental states of others. White matter correlations extended from the brainstem to widespread cortical regions, and were largely due to global effects, i.e. a larger total white matter volume in introverts. We speculate that these white matter findings may reflect differences in ascending modulatory projections affecting cortical regions involved in behavioral regulation.
|
|
4. |
- Forsman, Lea J., et al.
(författare)
-
Neuroticism is correlated with drift in serial time interval production
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 47:3, s. 229-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low neuroticism and high intelligence are both related to lower intertrial variability in reaction time tasks. However, intelligence and neuroticism are weakly related traits, which suggests that they may be related to different sources of timing variability. The relation between intelligence and timing variability has recently been investigated using isochronous serial interval production (ISIP). This is a simple, automatic timing task where participants first synchronize movements with an isochronous sound sequence and then continue with self-paced production of a sequence of intervals with the same inter-onset interval (IOI). For all IOIs, local interval-to-interval variability correlated strongest with intelligence. The purpose of the present study was to test whether neuroticism, in contrast, is related to the non-local component of ISIP variability, i.e. drift or gradual changes in response IOI. We found a significant correlation of r = 0.42 between drift and neuroticism, thereby confirming the hypothesis. We suggest that this finding reflects that individuals high on neuroticism have more frequent slips in top–down cognitive control mechanisms. These cognitive failures may in turn interfere with the processing of previously produced intervals in short-term memory, which gives an unstable IOI in the ISIP task, i.e. drift.
|
|
5. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
-
An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PloS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 4:12, s. 1-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans and a few select insect and reptile species synchronise inter-individual behaviour without any time lag by predicting the time of future events rather than reacting to them. This is evident in music performance, dance, and drill. Although repetition of equal time intervals (i.e. isochrony) is the central principle for such prediction, this simple information is used in a flexible and complex way that accommodates both multiples, subdivisions, and gradual changes of intervals. The scope of this flexibility remains largely uncharted, and the underlying mechanisms are a matter for speculation. Here I report an auditory illusion that highlights some aspects of this behaviour and that provides a powerful tool for its future study. A sound pattern is described that affords multiple alternative and concurrent rates of recurrence (temporal levels). An algorithm that systematically controls time intervals and the relative loudness among these levels creates an illusion that the perceived rate speeds up or slows down infinitely. Human participants synchronised hand movements with their perceived rate of events, and exhibited a change in their movement rate that was several times larger than the physical change in the sound pattern. The illusion demonstrates the duality between the external signal and the internal predictive process, such that people's tendency to follow their own subjective pulse overrides the overall properties of the stimulus pattern. Furthermore, accurate synchronisation with sounds separated by more than 8 s demonstrate that multiple temporal levels are employed for facilitating temporal organisation and integration by the human brain. A number of applications of the illusion and the stimulus pattern are suggested.
|
|
6. |
|
|
7. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
-
Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons : Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 32:5, s. 400-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
|
|
8. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling the tendency for music to induce movement in humans : First correlations with low-level audio descriptors across music genres
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association. - 0096-1523 .- 1939-1277. ; 37:5, s. 1578-1594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groove is often described as the experience of music that makes people tap their feet and want to dance. A high degree of consistency in ratings of groove across listeners indicates that physical properties of the sound signal contribute to groove [Madison (2006) Music Perception, 24, 201-208]. Here, correlations were assessed between listener's ratings and a number of quantitative descriptors of rhythmic properties for one hundred music examples from five distinct traditional music genres. Groove was related to several different rhythmic properties, some of which were genre-specific and some of which were general across genres. Two descriptors corresponding to the density of events between beats and the salience of the beat, respectively, were strongly correlated with groove across domains. In contrast, systematic deviations from strict positions on the metrical grid, so-called microtiming, did not play any significant role. The results are discussed from a functional perspective of rhythmic music to enable and facilitate entrainment and precise synchronisation among individuals.
|
|
9. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
-
Statistical learning and prejudice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - New York, NJ, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 35:6, s. 440-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human behavior is guided by evolutionarily shaped brain mechanisms that make statistical predictions based on limited information. Such mechanisms are important for facilitating interpersonal relationships, avoiding dangers, and seizing opportunities in social interaction. We thus suggest that it is essential for analyses of prejudice and prejudice reduction to take the predictive accuracy and adaptivity of the studied prejudices into account.
|
|
10. |
- Ullén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Bottom–up mechanisms are involved in the relation between accuracy in timing tasks and intelligence : further evidence using manipulations of state motivation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 40:2, s. 100-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligence correlates with accuracy in various timing tasks. Such correlations could be due to both bottom–up mechanisms, e.g. neural properties that influence both temporal accuracy and cognitive processing, and differences in top–down control. We have investigated the timing–intelligence relation using a simple temporal motor task, isochronous serial interval production (ISIP), i.e. hand/finger movements with a regular beat. ISIP variability is egatively correlated with intelligence and we have previously argued, based on indirect evidence, that this relation has a bottom–up component. Here, we investigate this question using an experimental within-subject design in two samples (n=38 and n=95 participants, respectively). ISIP was performed under two conditions. In the first condition (Low Motivation), the participants were told that measurements were being made to familiarize them with the task and to calibrate the equipment. In the second condition (High Motivation), the participants were told that the performance would be evaluated and used for scientific analysis, and they were given a monetary reward depending on how accurately they performed. Temporal accuracy in the ISIP was higher during High Motivation than during Low Motivation. In both samples, correlations between ISIP variability and intelligence were similar for both conditions. General linear models with ISIP variability measures as dependent variables, condition (Low Motivation or High Motivation) as a repeated-measures variable and intelligence as a betweensubject variable, revealed a significant effect of intelligence, but no effects of incentive, nor of the intelligence×incentive interaction. We conclude that motivationally driven top–down mechanisms can influence ISIP performance, but that they play no major role for correlations between temporal accuracy in ISIP and intelligence. These results provide further support for that bottom–up mechanisms are involved in relations between temporal accuracy and intelligence.
|
|