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- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Imitative reactions among 14-21 days old infants
- 1985
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Ingår i: Infant Mental Health Journal. - 0163-9641 .- 1097-0355. ; 6:1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imitative reactions in 11 infants, 14-21 days were observed. Stimuli were presented by the infant's mother, who protruded her ongue, opened her mouth, or interacted spontaneously. No conclusive overall group effect of the modeled action were found. However, when the responses of the infants were matched with the mothers' judgments concerning whether imitation had occurred, 6 infants showed imitative responses. It is concluded that observations on early imitation is influenced by individual differences between infants and that there may exist two different subgroups: High and low imitatin.
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- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-
(författare)
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Neonatal imitation, gaze aversion, and mother-infant interaction
- 1989
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Ingår i: Infant Behavior and Development. - : Elsevier. - 0163-6383 .- 1879-0453. ; 12:4, s. 495-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A relationship between elicited imitation in neanates and social interaction hasbeen proposed by several investigators. The present work examines if such arelationship can be found when studying neonatal imitation, gaze aversion, andmother-inFant interaction. Thirty-two infants were observed at 2 to 3 days, 3weeks, and 3 months of age. imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth openingwas assessed in all three observations. in addition, a face-to-face interactionbetween mother and child was included when the child reached 3 months of age_The most striking result was a negative relationship between the infants' briefgaze aversion observed at 3 months of age while interacting with their mothersand the inFants' imitative reactions at 2 to 3 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months of age_Behaviorally, these patterns indicate that high-imitating infants tend to displayfewer episodes of brief gaze aversion when interacting with their mothers.
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- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth opening: Methodological aspects and evidence of early individual differences
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 30:2, s. 90-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work examines imitation of mouth opening and tongue protrusion in 32 full-terminfants at three different occasions: When the infants are two to three days, three weeks. and three months old. The analysis focuses (1) on individual differences in imitative behaviour and (2) on how to operationalize the infants' responses. The overall group analysis revealed that imitation of tongue protrusion was statistically significant for both two- to three-day-old and three-week-old infants but not when the children had become three months old. Nostatistically significant effect was observed for imitation of mouth opening. Two differentimitation indexes were constructed in order to assess individual differences in early imitativebehaviour. Results show that short-term stability in imitative tendencies cxists between thefirst and second observation. The results further reveal that methodological factors must beseriously considered when studying neonatal imitation: the overall imitation found for tongueprotrusion is demonstrated to be dependent on how the infants' responses are coded.
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- Nelson, Keith E., 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Implications for language acquisition models of childrens' and parents' variations in imitation
- 1989
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Ingår i: The many faces of imitation in language learning. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0387968857 ; , s. 305-323
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the course of this chapter, we consider evidence from three countries, Sweden, Jordan, and the United States. Individual differences between children and also between parents in their imitation tendencies will be examined through a series of questions concerning imitation at different ages and in different cultures. It will be possible to both summarize important research findings on imitation and to discuss theoretical implications of these research findings.
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