| 1. |
- Klintbjer, Piroska, et al.
(författare)
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On the development of the child's ability to identify affective state from the prosodic features of adult speech
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to judge emotional states (anger, surprise, sadness and happiness) from the non- verbal components of speech was studied in 169 children aged from 4 to 10 years (20- 43 children per group, one group for each year of age except 9) in Uppsala, Sweden . 19 adults were used as a control group. The stimulus material consisted of speech samples, in which a male and a female actor had been instructed to portray the indicated emotional states.In general, the ability to make correct judgements increased with increased age. This was especially the case with the recognition of "surprise", "sadness" and "happiness", for which emotions increasing improvements were seen up to t he age of 8, where the ability was close to that of the adult controls. The ability to recognise an angry voice appeared to be well developed already at the age of 4.The most difficult item was the male voice portraying "happiness", where the children did not show and increase in their scores until the age of 8. Girls were found to have a more developed ability to identify the expressed emotions in all age groups.In most cases where erroneous judgements were made, the male voice was judged to be angry and the female to be sad, irrespective of intended emotion and of the sex of the child.
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| 2. |
- Nilsonne, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the rate of change of voice fundamental frequency in fluent speech during mental depression
- 1988
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0001-4966. ; 83:2, s. 716-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method of measuring the rate of change of fundamental frequency has been developed in an effort to find acoustic voice parameters that could be useful in psychiatric research. A minicomputer program was used to extract seven parameters from the fundamental frequency contour of tape‐recorded speech samples: (1) the average rate of change of the fundamental frequency and (2) its standard deviation, (3) the absolute rate of fundamental frequency change, (4) the total reading time, (5) the percent pause time of the total reading time, (6) the mean, and (7) the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency distribution. The method is demonstrated on (a) a material consisting of synthetic speech and (b) voice recordings of depressed patients who were examined during depression and after improvement.
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