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- Bäccman, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Expectations of romantic relationships : A comparison between homosexual and heterosexual men with regard to Baxter´s criteria.
- 1999
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In: Social behavior and personality. - Palmerston North. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 27:4, s. 363-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to Baxter (1986) every relationship has rules which must be followed. If at least one of these rules is broken, it gives the individual the right to breadup the relationship. Baxter identified eight such rules or criteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the expectations of romantic relationships held by homosexual men can be linked to Baxter's criteria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire addressed to 31 homosexual men and 50 heterosexual men. Results indicated that Baxter's criteria can be linked to expectations of romantic relationships held by men regardless of sexual orientation, and that age and experience are more reliable predictors than is sexual orientation.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson, R., et al.
(author)
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The psychometric properties of the Persistent Effort Test (PET) measuring the personality trait of persistence
- 1996
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In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83, 979-986.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A test measuring the behavioral aspects of the personality trait of persistence, The Persistent Effort Test, was constructed and psychometric properties assessed. The original version consisted of twelve items, each one a nonsense block of six letters. The task of 9 men and 9 women was to construct as many correct Swedish words as possible from letter combinations. The total time spent on this task and the number of correct words constituted the dependent variables. A Persistence Effort Quotient was calculated. The reliability, calculated on the quotient for the 12-item version was acceptable (Cronbach alpha = 0.86) and an item analysis indicated that the test could be shortened by six items with increased reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.87). A validity analysis also using the quotient performed with a second sample of subjects using classmatesÕ ratings on two separate rating scales of specific aspects of persistence, yielded acceptable levels of validity (Pearson r = 0.69 for the first scale and 0.71 for the second scale). This indicates that the shortened 6-item version is a reliable and valid test of persistence even though it is necessary with more studies in order to further address the issues of predictive validity and norms for different groups of people
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| 7. |
- Norlander, Torsten
(author)
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Att flyta sig i form
- 1999
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In: Svensk idrottsforskning, 8 (1), 20-23.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Alcohol and Frustration on Experimental Graffiti
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 201-207.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to examine interactive effects between alcohol and frustration in regard to graffiti. Forty-two subjects, 21 men and 21 women were randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the three experimental groups, namely a Control group, an Alcohol group, and an Alcohol+Frustration group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). For the purposes of this experiment, a test (AET) was constructed that provided scores of "scrawling-graffiti" (i.e., the amount of scrawling on pictures), "destruction", "aggression", and "sexuality". An elaboration test and a test measuring the "dispositional optimism" were also applied. The primary results indicated that (a) the Alcohol+Frustration group scored significantly higher on scrawling-graffiti compared to the Control group, (b) female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a greater extent than male subjects in all three groups, (c) women scored significantly higher on elaboration as compared to men. These results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that alcohol intake by itself is unlikely to induce destructive behavior unless accompanied by a "provocative" factor (e.g. frustration) that precipitates the putative expressions of aggressiveness.
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| 9. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Alcohol on a Divergent Figural Fluency test during the Illumination Phase of the Creative Process
- 1998
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In: Creativity Research Journal, 11, 265-274.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examined whether or not acute alcohol intoxication inhibits or facilitates fluency and its different components in the illumination phase of WallasÕ (1926/1970) four stage model of creativity. Twenty-one authors with 21 matched nonauthors were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size: a Control group, a Placebo group and an Alcohol group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). They received a divergent figural fluency test which was evaluated in terms of fluency, flexibility, obvious answers and original answers. The experiment produced three main results: (a) the Alcohol group scored lower on flexibility compared to the Placebo group, (b) scored higher on originality compared to the Control group, and (c) the authors and nonauthors reacted in the same fashion to a moderate dose of alcohol. These results were interpreted as an indication that a moderate dose of alcohol may exert a dual control during the illumination phase of the creative process, by inhibiting or facilitating different components
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| 10. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(author)
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Effects of alcohol on picture drawing during the verification phase of the creative process
- 1997
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In: Creativity Research Journal, 10, 355-362.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examined whether or not acute alcohol intoxication inhibits or facilitates elaboration and revision in the verification phase of WallasÕ (1926/1970) four stage model of creativity. Fourty-two male and female subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size: a Control group, a Placebo group and an Alcohol group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). They were instructed to read a poem and from the poem draw a picture. These pictures were judged by two separate panels, panel A and panel B. Panel A was constituted by three professional artists and panel B by three college art-teachers. Panel A scored no significant differences, but panel B scored the alcohol group as less skillfull at handicraft abilities. Results were interpreted as an indication that a moderate dose of alcohol decreases relevant abilities and qualities in the verification phase of the creative process.
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