| 1. |
- Österberg, Torun, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Children in Out-of-Home Care and Adult Labor-Market Attachment : A Swedish National Register Study
- 2016
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In: Journal of Public Child Welfare. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8732 .- 1554-8740. ; 10:4, s. 414-433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using longitudinal national register data, we investigated labor-market attachment during the years 1993-1995 in Sweden for persons aged 25-35 years who had been in out-of-home care before the age of 18 in Sweden during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. We consider whether an immigrant background has an additional influence on labor-market attachment. Compared to majority population peers, young persons who had been in foster care had shorter educations. Fewer had a strong labor-market attachment and more were dependent on social assistance. Results from multinomial regression models indicated that having been in foster care during childhood reduced the probability of high attachment to the labor-market and increased the probability of social assistance dependency, even after making adjustments for education, marital status, parenthood, domicile, and birth country. Few signs of additive effects from being both an immigrant and a former foster child are found.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Interventions in Foster Family Care: A Systematic Review
- 2020
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In: Research on social work practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581. ; 30:1, s. 3-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Foster family care is associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences for the child. A systematic review was conducted on interventions for foster children and foster careers. Method: A comprehensive search process was used to find eligible interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. The quality of studies was assessed with GRADE, and effects were synthesized using meta-analytic methods. Results: In all, 28 publications of 18 interventions, including 5,357 children, were identified. Only three specific interventions had sufficient confidence of evidence. No study had examined tools for foster parent selection nor had evaluated preservice programs related to outcomes. Discussion: These analyses provide new insights and hope into the field of systematic interventions in foster care. The overall results indicate that it is possible to improve eight outcomes but cannot point out which programs are superior. Ethically, social care organizations should systematically collect knowledge about effects and side effects.
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| 3. |
- Berlin, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Dental health care utilization among young adults who were in societal out-of-home care as children : a Swedish national cohort study
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 27:4, s. 325-336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We used Swedish national registers to analyse dental health care among young adults with childhood experience of out‐of‐home care (OHC), in Cox regression analyses. All 1.7 million Swedish residents born in 1980–1994 were included, of whom 4% had been in OHC. The population was followed up in the Dental Health Register from age 20 to 29, during the period 2009–2014. We found that persons with short or long OHC experience made emergency dental care visits more often than their majority‐population peers: 17–23% versus 9–10%, (adjusted Hazard ratios [HR:s] 1.60–2.02); they more often had tooth extractions, 9–12% versus 3% (HR:s 2.33–3.03); but less regularly visited a dentist for planned check‐ups, 61–77% versus 80–87% (HR:s 0.76–0.78). Since dental health in young adulthood reflects dental health and dental care in childhood, the findings of this study call for improved preventive dental health care for children in OHC.
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| 4. |
- Björkenstam, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Adverse childhood experiences and disability pension in early midlife : results from a Swedish National Cohort Study
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:3, s. 472-477
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Few studies have examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and disability pension (DP). The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between different ACEs, cumulative ACEs, and DP, and the mediating role of school performance. Methods: We used a Swedish cohort of 522 880 individuals born between 1973 and 1978. ACEs included parental death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric disorder, substantial parental criminality, household public assistance, parental DP and child welfare intervention. Estimates of risk of DP in 2008 were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 2.3% (3.0% females, 1.7% males) received DP in 2008. All studied ACEs increased the odds for DP, particularly child welfare intervention and household public assistance. Cumulative ACEs increased the odds of DP in a graded manner. Females exposed to 4+ ACEs had a 4-fold odds (OR: 4.0, 95% CI 3.5-4.5) and males a 7-fold odds (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 6.2-8.1). School performance mediated the ACEs-DP association. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that ACEs is associated with increased odds of DP, particularly when accumulated. The effects of ACEs should be taken into account when considering the determinants of DP, and when identifying high-risk populations.
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| 5. |
- Björkenstam, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Impact of childhood adversities on depression in early adulthood : A longitudinal cohort study of 478,141 individuals in Sweden
- 2017
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In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 223, s. 95-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Although the relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and depression is widely accepted, there is little information on what proportion of depression is attributable to CA. Method: We used a Swedish cohort of 478,141 individuals born in 1984-1988 in Sweden. Register-based CA indicators included parental death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric morbidity, parental criminality, parental separation, public assistance recipiency, child welfare intervention, and residential instability. Estimates of risk of depression, measured as retrieval of prescribed antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a clinical diagnosis of depression, between 2006 and 2012 were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a Cox regression analysis. Results: All CAs predicted depression in early adulthood. Furthermore, the predictive association between the CA indicators and depression was graded, with highest HRs observed for 4+ CAs (HR: 3.05 (95% CI 2.83-3.29)) for a clinical diagnosis for depression and HR: 1.32 (95% CI 1.25-1.41) for antidepressant medication after adjustments were made for important confounding factors. Of the studied CAs, child welfare intervention entailed highest HR for depression. Conclusion: Regardless of causality issues, children and youth with a history of multiple CA should be regarded as a high-risk group for depression by professionals in social, and health service's that come into contact with this group.
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| 6. |
- Björkenstam, E., et al.
(author)
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Multi-Exposure and Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Socioeconomic Differences and Psychotropic Medication in Young Adults
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1, s. e53551-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Stressful childhood experiences have negative long-term health consequences. The present study examines the association between adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic position, and risk of psychotropic medication in young adulthood. Methods: This register-based cohort study comprises the birth cohorts between 1985 and 1988 in Sweden. We followed 362 663 individuals for use of psychotropic medication from January 2006 until December 2008. Adverse childhood experiences were severe criminality among parents, parental alcohol or drug abuse, social assistance recipiency, parental separation or single household, child welfare intervention before the age of 12, mentally ill or suicidal parents, familial death, and number of changes in place of residency. Estimates of risk of psychotropic medication were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis. Results: Adverse childhood experiences were associated with increased risks of psychotropic medication. The OR for more than three adverse childhood experiences and risk of psychotropic medication was for women 2.4 (95% CI 2.3-2.5) and for men 3.1 (95% CI 2.9-3.2). The risk of psychotropic medication increased with a higher rate of adverse childhood experiences, a relationship similar in all socioeconomic groups. Conclusions: Accumulation of adverse childhood experiences increases the risk of psychotropic medication in young adults. Parental educational level is of less importance when adjusting for adverse childhood experiences. The higher risk for future mental health problems among children from lower socioeconomic groups, compared to peers from more advantaged backgrounds, seems to be linked to a higher rate of exposure to adverse childhood experiences.
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| 7. |
- Brännström, Lars, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Effectiveness of Sweden's Contact Family/Person Program for older children
- 2015
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In: Research on social work practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581. ; 25:2, s. 190-200
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate the impacts of Sweden’s Contact Family/Person Program (CFPP) for older children on participants’ long-term outcomes related to mental health problems, illicit drug use, public welfare receipt, placement in out-of-home care, educational achievement, and offending. Method: We analyzed longitudinal register data on more than 1,000,000 individuals born between 1973 and 1984, including 6,386 individuals who entered CFPP at 10–13 years of age, with a follow-up until 2008. The program impact was estimated by means of propensity score matching. Results: Outcomes for those who had received the intervention were not better than that for matched peers who did not receive the intervention. Conclusions: The results did not find support for CFPP effectiveness in reducing risks of compromised long-term development in older children.
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| 8. |
- Brännström, Lars, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Intergenerational transmission of placement in out-of-home care : Mediation and interaction by educational attainment
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Persons with childhood experiences of out-of-home care (OHC) have elevated risks of having their own children taken into societal care. High educational attainment has been linked to favorable long-term outcomes in a host of previous studies on OHC alumni. This could be indicative of resilience, which may also have protective potential against intergenerational continuity of OHC placements.Objective: The present study examined the processes of mediation and interaction by educational attainment, here conceptualized as having completed upper secondary school, regarding the intergenerational transmission of placement in OHC.Participants and setting: Longitudinal data came from a Swedish cohort of parents (and their children) born in 1953 (n = 11,338).Methods: Associations between parental experience of OHC and their children's placement in OHC were analyzed by means of binary logistic regression. Four-way decomposition was used to explore mediation and interaction by parental educational attainment.Results: The odds of having at least one child being placed in OHC was more than six-fold (OR = 6.67, 95% CI = 5.28; 8.06) in the OHC group compared to majority population peers. Mediation and/or interaction by educational attainment accounted for a substantial proportion of the overall association (53%). Interaction effects appeared to be more important for the outcome than mediation.Conclusions: Having completed upper secondary school seems to reflect processes of resilience with the potential to break the intergenerational transmission of placement in OHC. These findings suggest that the impact of enhanced educational attainment of OHC populations may have potential of extending into the fate of the next generation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Forsman, Hilma, et al.
(author)
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Does poor school performance cause later psychosocial problems among children in foster care? Evidence from national longitudinal registry data
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 57, s. 61-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has shown that children in foster care are a high-risk group for adverse economic, social and health related outcomes in young adulthood. Children's poor school performance has been identified as a major risk factor for these poor later life outcomes. Aiming to support the design of effective intervention strategies, this study examines the hypothesized causal effect of foster children's poor school performance on subsequent psychosocial problems, here conceptualized as economic hardship, illicit drug use, and mental health problems, in young adulthood. Using the potential outcomes approach, longitudinal register data on more than 7500 Swedish foster children born 1973–1978 were analyzed by means of doubly robust treatment-effect estimators. The results show that poor school performance has a negative impact on later psychosocial problems net of observed background attributes and potential selection on unobservables, suggesting that the estimated effects allow for causal interpretations. Promotion of school performance may thus be a viable intervention path for policymakers and practitioners interested in improving foster children's overall life chances.
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