| 1. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968
(author)
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Integrative & Sustainable Management of Marine Resources: Institutional Development in Sweden : A cross-level analysis of the fit between the social and the ecological system
- 2009
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In: EU-project HERMES (Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Sas) Final conference, Hotel Tivoli Almansor, Carvoeiro, Portugal, 2.-6. March 2009.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This part of the HERMIONE-project analyses how Sweden deals with challenges of integrative marine- and coastal management by discussing selected initiatives with innovative traits and their potentials and problems. International initiatives calling for integrative and participatory management – such as the application of the ecosystem approach based on the Convention of Biodiversity and the European Union’s Marine Directive and ICZM-recommendations – put pressure also on Sweden to go beyond traditional sector-based and top down resource management. Building integrative management of coastal and marine resources into a centralist and sector-based system of governance as in Sweden presents numerous challenges. Integrative approaches used so far have been municipal spatial planning, the ongoing implementation of watershed management based on the EU Water Framework Directive, and a number of resource-specific initiatives on local or regional level. Especially challenging is the management of offshore areas, where so far no cross-sector instruments are existing. The issue is how to build a management system connecting sectors and levels in an optimal way. A proposal of how to reorganise and complement the existing institutional system has been presented by the Inquiry Commission on the Marine Environment. This project shall analyse both the existing and coming system and selected ongoing processes, where local management of marine resources has been linked with higher-level systems of governance in an innovative way.The case studies will include stakeholder analysis, conflict analysis and how the present management system deals with them (policies and management instruments and the effects). Special attention will be directed towards stakeholder participation in marine management and an integrative management perspective including integration between sectors, levels, and across different types of knowledge (interdisciplinary scientifc and transdisciplinary including everyday knowledge). There will be an archipelago/coast case in the Koster-Hvaler- area within the territorial waters, where marine national parks are planned on both sides of the Swedish/Norwegian border and an offshore case in the Bratten area (EEZ), if Swedish marine planning comes under way during the time of HERMIONE. Of special interest is the development of a collaboration between fishermen, authorities and scientists in the Koster-Väderöarea and what has been achieved through this process and what potential there is to translate such an approach to other areas, not the least with a perspective on how to protect and enhance the habitat of coldwater corals. This fits well together with natural scientific research in NE Skagerrak, where several large complexes of cold-water coral ecosystems have recently been found in coastal deep-water channels (Koster-Väderö-trench system in SE and farther north in the Hvaler area in NO) and in canyon systems in the open Skagerrak (among other Bratten-area). This is a long distance from the closest known cold water coral ecosystems on the Atlantic Margin. Methods to be used include literature review, document analysis, direct observation, interviews and some further, more participatory research techniques.
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| 2. |
- Sandström, Annica, et al.
(author)
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Disputed policy change: the role of external events, policy learning and negotiated agreements in coastal and marine conservation planning.
- 2018
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In: Paper presented at the 2018 conference of the European Consortium for Political Research.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- What are the driving forces behind and obstacles to policy change in disputed policy processes? The general purpose of this paper is to explore and explain policy change – a major and debated issue in contemporary policy research – in the context of Swedish coastal and marine conservation planning. The paper draws on the advocacy coalition framework that accentuates the critical role of coalitions for the outcome of policy processes and identifies three primarily drivers to policy change: triggering key events, policy learning and negotiations via brokerage. Three national park planning processes, with divergent results, are mapped and analysed over 30 years time through a document- and interview study. What combination of factors in relation to policy coalitions – triggering events, policy learning and negotiated agreements – can explain divergent outcomes in the studied national park planning processes? The empirical analysis identified all three factors as important for the turnout. Triggering events, in combination with either negotiated agreements or policy learning, were the main pathways to change and our findings suggest that the type of policy beliefs around which the competing coalitions are formed influenced the specific route taken The results of the study contribute with knowledge on disputed policy change and give rise to new intriguing questions; they provide an empirical illustration of political conflicts and their solutions in nature conservation, and generate insights critical to the implementation of international and national conservation policy in multi-level governance systems.
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| 3. |
- Biegańska, Jadwiga, et al.
(author)
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The ”agri-ghetto”: On dysfunctional landscapes and the rural-urban paradox
- 2014
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In: Unraveling the logics of landscape. Eds.: Stenseke, M., Dymitrow, M., Saltzman, K. et al.; 26th session of the Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape, 8–12 September, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg & Mariestad, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1989 was a turning point within the socio-economic development in the former Eastern bloc, initiating a system transformation that affected both rural and urban areas. It also contributed to the crystallization of certain cultural landscapes, hitherto largely illegible due to the inhibition of spatial processes encountered during Communism. After a quarter-century of free market economy, the focus on social problems began to expand to the spatial realm as well. It became apparent that the progressive social polarization that followed was most prominent in environments striated by a special landscape type – “socjałki”. In Poland, the dysfunctional character of socjałki is noticeable in a wide array of dimensions: unemployment, poverty, social anomies and pathologies, claiming attitudes, substandard housing, and ghettoization. The main characteristic of socjałki, however, is their equal prevalence in both urban environments (dormitory suburbs) and in rural areas (state agricultural farms). Particularly in the context of the latter – of which socjałki are an integral part – they differ significantly from traditional rural landscapes of Poland. Nevertheless, being formally rural, they are subject to development programs labeled as “rural”, despite the striking similarity to their urban counterparts, which, in turn, prompt “urban” developmental endeavors. To illustrate this discrepancy, two similar Polish socjałki were investigated – one formally urban and one formally rural. By taking account of the residents’ perceptions of their everyday lives, we allowed them to define their own problems in view of the rural-urban bias that frames and impregnates them. The main research problem revolves around the assumption that socjałki are distinct landscapes that are poorly explicated using the pervasive rural-urban axis as an analytical tool. In this respect, we highlight the consolidation of a new type of landscape that transcends formal dichotomies. We argue it could benefit from being studied and evaluated on the basis of commonalities other than the rural-urban stereotype.
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| 4. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968
(author)
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Contributions of Public Participation in Planning to the Management of Coastal Resource Conflicts: Case Studies in Swedish West Coast Municipalities
- 2004
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In: Paper resented at the Coastal Zone Canada Association’s sixth biennial Conference “All Within One Ocean: Co-operation in Sustainable Coastal and Ocean Management” in St. John’s, Newfoundland, June 25-30, 2004.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper is based on empirical research for a Ph. D.-thesis: case studies of physical (spatial) planning and coastal resource-use conflicts in two Swedish West Coast municipalities. Departing from the question of the thesis, possible contributions of public participation in municipal planning to the management of coastal resource conflicts shall be discussed. Coastal management literature emphasises the need for integration regarding many aspects: between water and land, across administrative- and use sectors, across hierarchical levels, etc. Participation of as many stakeholders as possible when formulating and implementing coastal policy is an important requirement, for improving plan-quality, enhancing acceptance, and facilitating implementation. In Sweden, municipal physical planning is one management tool (out of few) co-ordinating resource management across administrative sectors and environmental systems – a complement to sector management on municipal level. Broad public participation is statutory; many types of stakeholders can be included. Physical planning thus has the potential to serve as forum for a public and local debate about coast-typical problems. Coastal resource use conflicts are part of planning. They usually have several layers or dimensions. The case studies indicate that the commonly applied procedures do not include all types of conflict dimensions to the same extent (e.g. water-related problems or the value-dimension of a conflict do not enter documents as easily as land-use aspects). Creating public attention for strategic level coastal problems can be difficult; local and specific questions are more mobilising. Political attention for coastal problems has at times been low – coastal planning and method-development depended highly on transitory external financing. Furthermore, important coastal policy decisions are made sectorally on national and regional, rather than on municipal level, with a narrow range of selected participants. Creating a broad local debate about coastal resources under these conditions is a challenge for municipalities. Difficulties lie in the present design of the planning- and natural resource management system and with the question of how to mobilise whom. Thus, standard participation procedures often do not facilitate a general public debate about more “difficult” topics and resource-use conflicts and may not sufficiently be tied to the larger management system, which can lead to incomplete or short-sighted solutions. For improving management, the possibilities for contact between stakeholders would need to be enhanced through e.g. complementary forums, an adaptation of planning-procedures, and further integration with the overall-management system.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fermskog, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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From skipped free school lunches to poverty-induced food deserts: Some thoughts on Gothenburg’s local food strategy – and how to make it happen
- 2018
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In: Mistra Urban Futures Annual International Conference “Comparative Co-Production”, SunSquare Conference Centre, 5–7 November 2018, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The city of Gothenburg is devoted to establishing a local food strategy (GAFS) able to transform the local food system into one of healthy and sustainable food supply to all Gothenburgers, while at the same time decreasing the environmental impact globally. Departing from the Gothenburg municipality’s environmental and climate programs, the GAFS also relates back to the Swedish environmental goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As such, GAFS is a municipal mission with global ambitions, but it is also an active testbed within the project Urban Rural Gothenburg with the goal to lay bare GAFS’s preconditions to obtain the desired effect. While the idea is an attractive one and in line with current calls for food sustainability, the practical work process has been marred by loose and indirect interaction between the actors as well as insufficient knowledge of the stakeholders’ preconditions and priorities to secure stronger impact. An important factor in this dimension has been the overwhelming scope of what the food strategy must cover in order to be successful. This presentation focuses on two of them: skipped free school lunches and poverty-induced food deserts. On the one hand, the city of Gothenburg offers free school lunches to all its school children, which nonetheless are surreptitiously skipped due to children’s poor understanding of the nutritious, ecological and just value of such lunches. On the other hand, certain areas of Gothenburg, like Hammarkullen with 8,000 inhabitants, have not had a supermarket since the 1990s due to major food chains’ disinterest in establishing themselves in poor immigrant neighborhoods (due to demand for very cheap foods or certain types of foods, e.g. halal or kosher). Instead the citizens are forced to travel up to 1 hour to procure affordable food (car ownership is extremely low) or to buy small portions of grossly overpriced products from local street vendors. These two examples show how both the use and underuse of political power is problematic in different circumstances, with similarly adverse effects for a sustainable local food strategy. In this presentation, we focus on this worrying divergence by discussing the hidden traps within, but also by bringing forth known success stories as possible ways forward.
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| 7. |
- Fermskog, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Working with the Gothenburg food system: Civil servants and researchers connected through the Urban Rural Gothenburg Research Forum
- 2019
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In: 4th Mistra Urban Futures Annual International Conference: “Lessons, Impacts and Outcomes”, Cutler’s Hall, 14–18 October 2019, Sheffield, UK.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gothenburg’s Applied Food Strategy (GAFS) is both a municipal mission and an active testbed within Urban Rural Gothenburg, a three-year (2017-19) EU-sponsored project for sustainable development with the overarching aim to create improved conditions for green innovation and green business development between the city and the countryside. While a national food strategy is being implemented at the regional level, its municipal counterpart remains functionally independent as the city is reluctant to produce a new strategy document on food in an effort to reduce the number of strategy documents at the city level. However, transforming intentions into actions within the municipality requires that relevant strategy documents are in place. This presentation draws on insights from Mistra Urban Futures’ associated food networks, interactive platforms, scientific publications, a transdisciplinary anthology and a report on sustainable food to build a knowledge base that can help raise concerns, maintain motivation and enhance positive outcomes from food work with the overarching goal to unlock food justice.
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| 8. |
- Fermskog, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Working with the Gothenburg food system: Civil servants and researchers connected through the Urban Rural Gothenburg Research Forum
- 2019
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In: 4th Mistra Urban Futures Annual International Conference: “Lessons, Impacts and Outcomes”, Cutler’s Hall, 14–18 October 2019, Sheffield, UK.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gothenburg’s Applied Food Strategy (GAFS) is both a municipal mission and an active testbed within Urban Rural Gothenburg, a three-year (2017-19) EU-sponsored project for sustainable development with the overarching aim to create improved conditions for green innovation and green business development between the city and the countryside. While a national food strategy is being implemented at the regional level, its municipal counterpart remains functionally independent as the city is reluctant to produce a new strategy document on food in an effort to reduce the number of strategy documents at the city level. However, transforming intentions into actions within the municipality requires that relevant strategy documents are in place. This presentation draws on insights from Mistra Urban Futures’ associated food networks, interactive platforms, scientific publications, a transdisciplinary anthology and a report on sustainable food to build a knowledge base that can help raise concerns, maintain motivation and enhance positive outcomes from food work with the overarching goal to unlock food justice.
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| 9. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Addressing integration challenges in coastal and marine spatial planning using the Open Standards approach – experiences from Sweden.
- 2018
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In: ICES Annual Science Conference (ASC 2018), Session C: Assessing and analysing marine spatial planning - knowledge - indicators – visions. - Hamburg.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This presentation reports results from the BONUS financed project BaltSapce and explores how and to what extent the approach of the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (OS) (http://cmp-openstandards.org/) could support coastal and marine spatial planning in addressing important integration challenges, i.e. how to include stakeholders and different types of knowledge and link across sectors and policy areas and different boundaries. Our research is part of a broader analysis of integrative tools and approaches within the BONUS project BALTSPACE; it is based on literature and document analysis, 15 interviews with key informants holding various roles in recent OS-supported coastal planning and management processes in Sweden, and on a discussion workshop and direct contacts with the above experts and further OS-facilitators and planners. We find that the OS indeed can help working on complex planning problems with uncertainties and value differences and address the above challenges, especially if used in combination with broad participation. The conceptual model underlying the OS can help planners to more systematically think goal and evaluation oriented, creating a base for learning within and across planning processes. The OS are most easily applicable for marine and coastal planning, which aim to incorporate adaptive management and work with an ecosystem perspective (especially green-blue areas, habitats and living resources) or for integrated planning and management aiming to use the CBD-Ecosystem Approach (https://www.cbd.int/ecosystem/). However, an initial effort is needed in terms of time, resources, method training and capacity building. Moreover, all affected parts with a mandate have to be on board and ready to give an effort. We end discussing the potentials and needs to develop the field of integrative marine and coastal management knowledge and practice further in terms of standards, definitions, training, and community of practice, using the type of practice and community developed around the OS for the practice of conservation as an inspiration.
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| 10. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968
(author)
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Institutional Change Towards Increased Participation and Integration: Stories of success and stress from Swedish coastal and maritime management
- 2009
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In: Estuaries and Coasts in a Changing World, Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 20th Biennial Conference, Oregon Convention Centre, Portland, Oregon USA, 1.-5. November 2009. ; 2009
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper analyses how Sweden deals with the challenges of integrative coastal and marine management by discussing selected initiatives for innovative coastal management and their potentials and problems. Increasing human use and the resulting environmental problems have created pressure for integration and innovation: Sweden has a long coastline including characteristic archipelagos that are under pressure from housing- and tourism development. Coastal waters suffer from eutrophication due to both local nutrients from households and agriculture and transboundary import by air deposition and aquatic transport. The stocks of many coastal fish species are decreasing due to habitat destruction from coastal development, eutrophication, and over-fishing by recreational and professional fishers. In addition, international initiatives calling for integrative and participatory management put pressure on Sweden to go further beyond traditional resource management – such as the application of the ecosystem approach based on the Convention of Biodiversity and the European Union’s Marine Directive and ICZM-recommendations. Building integrative management of coastal and marine resources into an originally centralist and sector-based system of governance as in Sweden presents a number of challenges. Integrative approaches used so far have been municipal spatial planning, the ongoing implementation of watershed management based on the EU Water Framework Directive, and a number of resource-specific initiatives on local or regional level. The paper discusses the achievements of a selection of completed and ongoing processes, where local management has been linked with higher-level systems of governance in an innovative way (special focus: Sweden's 1st marine national park in the Koster Archipelago in relation to the Ecosystem Approach). The research included is based on a Ph.D. thesis on participatory conflict management through coastal spatial planning, consultancy projects for Swedish governmental agencies with the aim to adapt the system, and a post doc project with the aim to study innovative maritime management.
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