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- Granberg, Mikael, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Practice: The Swedish Experience
- 2012
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In: XXI Nordic Municipal Research Conference (NORKOM), Oslo University, Norway.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Climate change is a complicated social problem. Formulating and implementing adaptation measures at the local level entails handling value conflicts, power relations, governance, equity, resource allocation, competing interests and, connected to all these issues and more, uncertainty. All this takes place in a complex context where a multitude of factors, and actors representing different societal interests, are interacting both facilitating and hindering effective action and involves changes in modes of operation in society as a whole.Adaptation range from the local to the large, its time horizon can range from the short to the long terms, it can be tactical or strategic, it can seek immediate, delayed, or cumulative effects, and it can encompass widely differing outcomes.Accordingly, formulating adaptation responses is a challenging issue for municipalities for a number of reasons. Firstly, the large range of possible climate change impacts. Secondly, the insufficient knowledge base. Thirdly, the lack of consensus on responsibilities. Fourthly, the usual set of problems facing public policy of this sort. In this paper we will focus adaptation measures implemented by Swedish municipalities. The empirical material consists of studies from state authorities of municipal adaptation to climate change.
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| 2. |
- Granberg, Mikael, 1962-
(author)
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Local government, climate change and public-private interaction: The case or Örebro, Sweden
- 2014
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In: Urbanization and Global Environmental Change - UGEC International Conference 2014. - Taipei : The Urbanization and Global Environmental Change (UGEC).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change always manifests itself on the local arena and localities have to handle impacts of climate change. The policy and practice in the urban arena is central in relating global standards and knowledge, national and regional climate change scenarios/policies into particular action in specific contexts but also as a setting were new practices develop not necessarily related to top-down policies. Local governments’ responsibilities and climate change impacts intersect significantly with services for infrastructure and property services, planning and development, health and sanitation, community, building, facilities, culture, recreation facilities and water and sewerage.Local government in the city of Örebro (a city with 140 000 inhabitants in Sweden) is establishing windmill parks with the objective that local government will become self-sufficient. Local government does this through the creation of a company were private actors can buy shares and take part in the future development of the company and the local/regional energy market. The local government also runs a project were all public transport are running on biogas sourced from local feedstock. The aim is to facilitate a transition for households and business to biogas by creating and supporting a growing local/regional biogas market.In this paper we take a closer look at these policy practices. We will look at the political arguments and actual local government action in these two cases were the city´s local government interact with other societal actors (business and citizens) in efforts to create local/regional markets within two socio-technical systems (energy and transport). We will consider if this is a functional way to facilitate low carbon transitions within socio-technical systems. We will also consider how these endeavours is perceived by political actors (majority and opposition) and if any conflicting interests in the choice of the market pathway can be observed in political processes in the city.
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| 4. |
- Granberg, Mikael, 1962-
(author)
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Urban transformations and policy responses
- 2013
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Urban transformations and policy responses Mikael Granberg We now have a rapidly growing global city system that is changing society. The economic and social settings are impacted and even ecology is changing as urban areas develop into new biospheres. The impact of this process is considerable and has far reaching consequences for the way society will develop in the future. Changes and challenges are channelled and mediated through societal structures and through the actions of a multitude of heterogeneous actors—formal and informal, top-down or bottom-up, individual or collective—in action and reaction to perceived changes in society. This means that the culture, lifestyles, design, economy, management and governing of cities is essential for world developments. The central issue is how societal actors in urban settings handle the impact of these changes (transformations) in a way that facilitates sustainable urban development?Society itself is a continuous process of action, decisions and effects where the actions of earlier generations have a considerable impact on contemporary developments and where contemporary action and decisions will impact future generations. Accordingly, we are talking about an ongoing historical conditioning of society. One aspect of this is path dependency. Path dependency occurs when incumbent structures, i.e., infrastructure or institutions (norms, routines and rules) guides (facilitates or delimits) behaviour. It is important to state, however, that the structuring always is temporary path dependency only temper continuous processes of change. Change in path dependent conditions take place through formative moments or windows opportunity and this refers to situations were historical and contemporary circumstances align in ways that make rapid change possible despite structural constraints. Changes in formative moment can be rapid and revolutionary. Formative moments can be driven by different types of crises (political, economical, technological, social and environmental) leading to paradigmatic shifts in society changing the preconditions for policy making and making more radical change possible.The urban setting can be perceived as a common. That is, a common pool of resource, challenges and problems that has to be owned and handled by the inhabitants of the city. Governance of commons requires a flexible system for policy making that includes interactive and adaptive steering, including social and policy learning. Flexible policy making demands a positive feedback loop that creates order out of our experience and storing these experiences as knowledge. Proactive and flexible policymaking is not about finding the right policy for the future to come. The focus must be on flexible and proactive policy making that is formulated at scales appropriate for decision makers and citizens. This is a more systemic perspective on policy that concerns itself more with who interacts with whom, about what, rather than targeting specific, well-defined outcomes as policy goals. From this perspective policy is perceived as a process. With this perspective on policy follows that a multitude of agents can act as policy-makers, not just government agencies, but also firms and industry associations, NGOs and private foundations. Uncertainty connected to social development encourages viewing policy as an on-going exploration with many possible changes of direction rather than an optimization exercise based upon detailed assumptions about the lay of the land ahead and a clear and explicit goal about where the journey is to end. One issue is, of course, if the incumbent policy system will be able to adapt to accommodate flexible policy processes or if path dependency will hinder or considerably slow down such development?
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| 5. |
- Glover, Leigh, et al.
(author)
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Climate change adaptation policy and political values
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research and policy into climate change adaptation responses has expanded from the technological, financial and institutional realms into the social realms. There is a growing interest in, and awareness of, political aspects of adaptation policy and planning. This paper considers three aspects of this development and the broad issue of how contemporary political values influences adaptation responses. Firstly, a case is presented for identifying the political values in climate change adaptation policies, plans and programmes. Secondly, a range of political values and ideologies associated with public sector and NGO climate change adaptation measures are identified from contemporary scholarship. Thirdly, a number of implications of adaptation policy stemming from these political values are identified.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Granberg, Mikael, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Climate change adaptation and the regional mess
- 2013
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In: Workshop of climate change policy arranged by the network Social and Political Studies on Climate Change (SPSCC).
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The focus in this paper is on policy and implementation of adaptation policies. The interest in adaptation policy in this text concerns the public policy dimension and not spontaneous social adaptations to changing climate or that undertaken independently by corporations or communities. The focus is on public policy and implementation that are planned, purposeful and intentional. The main issue in this text is how Swedish governance of climate change adaptation is organised and if this type of organising (or lack or organising) can lead to difficulties in reaching long term sustainable adaptation measures or even maladaptation at the local level?
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