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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology) > Öst Lars Göran

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1.
  • Lindner, Philip, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of the Internet-Administered Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) in Different Psychiatric Conditions
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 42:4, s. 315-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) is an established rating scale of self-perceived quality of life across 16 domains. Norms for different psychiatric conditions when rated via the Internet, responsiveness to change following treatment, and the clinical impact of importance-weighting items have yet to be examined. To investigate these unanswered questions, important for the continued and expanded use of the QOLI, we compiled archival screening and post-treatment data from 20 studies featuring Internet-delivered psychological interventions for seven different psychiatric conditions and an undergraduate sample, totalling over 4000 participants. Disorder-specific norms were indicated by between-group analyses and are reported here, item-by-item. The QOLI showed adequate responsiveness to change and construct validity. Discrepancies were found when conducting between-group analyses with and without weighted items (more significant differences when items were not weighted) on both the screening and post-treatment data, suggesting that weighting is a procedure that is likely to have an impact when analysing QOLI results. Limitations and the needs for future research are discussed.
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2.
  • Nordh, Martina, et al. (författare)
  • Therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy supplemented with group exposure sessions for adolescents with social anxiety disorder : a feasibility trial
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in youth, with a prevalence of about 3%–4% and increased risk of adverse long-term outcomes, such as depression. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered the first-line treatment for youth with SAD, but many adolescents remain untreated due to limited accessibility to CBT. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a therapist-guided internet-delivered CBT treatment, supplemented with clinic-based group exposure sessions (BIP SOFT). Design: A proof-of-concept, open clinical trial with 6-month follow-up. Participants: The trial was conducted at a child and adolescent psychiatric research clinic, and participants (n=30) were 13–17 years old (83% girls) with a principal diagnosis of SAD. Intervention: 12 weeks of intervention, consisting of nine remote therapist-guided internet-delivered CBT sessions and three group exposure sessions at the clinic for the adolescents and five internet-delivered sessions for the parents. Results: Adolescents were generally satisfied with the treatment, and the completion rate of internet modules, as well as attendance at group sessions, was high. Posttreatment assessment showed a significant decrease in clinician-rated, adolescent-rated and parent-rated social anxiety (d=1.17, 0.85 and 0.79, respectively), as well as in general self-rated and parent-rated anxiety and depression (d=0.76 and 0.51), compared with pretreatment levels. Furthermore, 47% of participants no longer met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for SAD at posttreatment. At a 6-month follow-up, symptom reductions were maintained, or further improved, and 57% of participants no longer met criteria for SAD. Conclusion: Therapist-guided and parent-guided internetdelivered CBT, supplemented with a limited number of group exposure sessions, is a feasible and promising intervention for adolescents with SAD.Trial registration number: NCT02576171.
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3.
  • Santoft, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Mediators of Change in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Clinical Burnout
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 50:3, s. 475-488
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evidence supporting the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for stress-related illness is growing, but little is known about its mechanisms of change. The aim of this study was to investigate potential mediators of CBT for severe stress in form of clinical burnout, using an active psychological treatment as comparator. We used linear mixed models to analyze data from patients (N = 82) with clinical burnout who received either CBT or another psychological treatment in a randomized controlled trial. Potential mediators (i.e., sleep quality, behavioral activation, perceived competence, and therapeutic alliance) and outcome (i.e., symptoms of burnout) were assessed weekly during treatment. The results showed that the positive treatment effects on symptoms of burnout favoring CBT (estimated between-group d = 0.93) were mediated by improvements in sleep quality, ab = -0.017,95% CIasymmetric [-0.037, -0.002], and increase in perceived competence, ab = -0.037, 95% CIasymmetric [-0.070, -0.010]. Behavioral activation, ab = -0.004 [-0.016, 0.007], and therapeutic alliance, ab = 0.002 [-0.006, 0.011], did not significantly mediate the difference in effects between the treatments. Improving sleep quality and increasing perceived competence may thus constitute important process goals in order to attain symptom reduction in CBT for clinical burnout.
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4.
  • Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Internet vs. paper and pencil administration of questionnaires commonly used in panic/agoraphobia research
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 23:3, s. 1421-1434
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Internet administered questionnaires used in panic research. Included were 494 people who had registered for an Internet-based treatment program for panic disorder (PD). Participants were randomly assigned to fill in the questionnaires either on the Internet or the paper-and-pencil versions, and then to fill in the same questionnaires again the next day using the other format. The questionnaires were the body sensations questionnaire [BSQ; Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090-1097], agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire [ACQ; Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090-1097], mobility inventory [MI; Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G., Jasin, S., Gracely, E. J., & Williams, C. (1985). The mobility inventory for agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 35-44], beck anxiety inventory [BAI; Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897], beck depression inventory 11 [Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory, Manual, Svensk version (Swedish version). Fagernes, Norway: Psykologiforlaget, AB], quality of life inventory [QOLI; Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992). Clinical validation of the quality of life inventory. A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 92-101], and montgomery angstrom sberg depression rating scale [MADRS; Svanborg, P., & angstrom sberg, M. (1994). A new self-rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. ACTA Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 21-28]. Results showed largely equivalent psychometric properties for the two administration formats (Cronbach's alpha between 0.79 and 0.95). The results also showed high and significant correlations between the Internet and the paper-and-pencil versions. Analyses of order effects showed an interaction effect for the BSQ and the MI (subscale Accompanied), a main effect was identified for ACQ, MI-Alone, BAI and BDIII. However, in contrast to previous research, the Internet version did not consistently generate higher scores and effect sizes for the differences were generally low. Given the presence of an interaction effect, we recommend that the administration format should be stable in research across measurement points. Finally, the findings suggest that Internet versions of questionnaires used in PD research can be used with confidence.
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5.
  • Thorndike, Frances P., et al. (författare)
  • Web-based measurement : Effect of completing single or multiple items per webpage
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 25:2, s. 393-401
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current study was conducted to determine whether participants respond differently to online questionnaires presenting all items on a single webpage versus questionnaires presenting only one item per page, and whether participants prefer one format over the other. Of participants seeking self-help treatment on the Internet (for depression, social phobia, or panic disorder), 710 completed four questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Quality of Life Index, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) on the Internet on two occasions. The questionnaires were either presented with one questionnaire on one webpage (e.g., BDI on one webpage) or on multiple webpages (e.g., BDI on 21 webpages with one item each). Results suggest that the four web questionnaires measure the same construct across diagnostic group (depression, social phobia, panic), presentation type (single versus multiple items per page), and order of presentation (which format first). Within each diagnostic group, factor means for all questionnaires were equivalent across presentation method and time. Furthermore, factor means varied as expected across samples (e.g., depressed group scored higher on BDI), providing evidence of construct validity. The majority of participants in each diagnostic group preferred the single item per page format, even though this format required more time.
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6.
  • Bergman Nordgren, Lise, et al. (författare)
  • Polariserad debatt om riktlinjer skymmer viktiga frågor
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115:37, s. 1372-1372
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Debatten om Socialstyrelsens nya riktlinjer för ångest och depression har varit polariserad och inte konstruktiv. Diskussionen bör inte handla om PDT eller KBT utan om evidensbaserade metoder och kompetensbrist.
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7.
  • Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias
  • 2012. - 1
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Whether it’s dogs, spiders, blood, heights or some other fear, specific phobias are one of the most prevalent mental health problems, affecting as many as one in eight people. In recent years, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as particularly effective in treating young people and adults with specific phobias. And of these methods, one-session treatment stands out as a long-lasting, cost-effective intervention of choice.Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias not only provides a summary of the evidence base, it also serves as a practical reference and training guide. This concise volume examines the phenomenology, epidemiology, and etiology of phobias, laying the groundwork for subsequent discussion of assessment strategies, empirically sound one-session treatment methods, and special topics. In addition, expert contributors address challenges common to exposure therapy, offer age-appropriate guidelines for treating young clients, and describe innovative computer-assisted techniques.Organized to be read individually or in sequence, chapters delve into key areas, including:• Evidence-based assessment and treatment of specific phobias in children, adolescents, and adults.• One-session treatment theory and practice with children, adolescents, and adults.• Handling difficult cases of specific phobias in youth.• Interventions for specific phobias in special populations.• Training and assessing therapists in one-session treatment.• Ethical issues in considering exposure.Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in child, school, clinical, and counseling psychology; social work; and general and special education.
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8.
  • Reuterskiöld, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Real World Applications of One-Session Treatment
  • 2012. - 1
  • Ingår i: Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias. - New York : Springer. - 9781461432524 ; , s. 127-141
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and specifically one-session treatment (OST) for the treatment of a broad spectrum of specific phobias have been conducted in both adult and child samples, and across countries. Furthermore, in clinical practice, OST has been extended to include even more unusual phobias such as fish, mushrooms, knees, and ET (the Extra-Terrestrial movie character) with equally good treatment effects overall. Despite these positive outcomes the dissemination of OST in the real world has not been as evident. There are several explanations for why clinicians might not choose OST for patients presenting with various specific phobias.
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9.
  • Santoft, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Processes in cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder : Predicting subsequent symptom change
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder, little is known about the processes during treatment that bring about change. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the proposed processes of change according to the cognitive model of social anxiety disorder predicted subsequent symptom reduction in CBT delivered as therapist-guided bibliotherapy. We analyzed data from patients with social anxiety disorder (N = 61) who participated in an effectiveness trial of CBT in primary care. Seven putative processes and outcome (i.e., social anxiety) were assessed on a weekly basis throughout treatment. We used linear mixed models to analyze within-person relations between processes and outcome. The results showed a unidirectional effect of reduced avoidance on subsequent decrease in social anxiety. Further, we found support for reciprocal influences between four of the proposed processes (i.e., estimated probability and cost of adverse outcome, self-focused attention, and safety behaviors) and social anxiety. The remaining two processes, (i.e., anticipatory and post-event processing) did not predict subsequent social anxiety, but were predicted by prior symptom reduction. The findings support that several of the change processes according to the cognitive model of social anxiety disorder are involved in symptom improvement.
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10.
  • Wahlund, Tove, et al. (författare)
  • Online cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with excessive worry : a multiple baseline design feasibility study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: mHealth. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2306-9740. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: One in twenty adolescents experience excessive worry and evidence-based psychological therapies are not sufficiently widespread to reach most of those affected. In this multiple baseline evaluation, we assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a scalable, online cognitive-behavioral intervention for adolescents with excessive worry (BIP worry).Methods: Thirteen adolescents (age 13–17) with excessive worry underwent the 10-week online BIP worry intervention. The treatment also included an online intervention for parents. Completion rates, treatment satisfaction, and adverse events were measures of feasibility. Clinical outcomes included worry severity, symptoms of other anxiety and depression, and general functioning. To control for time and spontaneous fluctuations in symptoms, adolescents were randomized to a 2-, 6-, or 10-week baseline phase prior to treatment. A short measure of worry severity was administered weekly during the baseline and treatment phases. Outcomes were assessed before the baseline-phase, at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.Results: Twelve of 13 included adolescents, together with their parents, participated in BIP worry, with a mean completion rate of 9.8 of the 10 treatment modules. Adolescents reported an average of 4.4 exposures per week as homework during treatment. High levels of treatment adherence, credibility, and satisfaction, and no serious adverse events were reported. Therapists averaged 21 min per week communicating with each family. Linear mixed effects models indicated significant improvements in worry, anxiety, and general functioning from pre- to post-treatment, with these gains maintained at 1- and 3-months follow-up. Reductions in worry severity during treatment were significantly larger than during the baseline phase. The results from the multiple baseline evaluation suggested an association between the introduction of the BIP worry intervention and subsequent symptom change for some but not all adolescents.Conclusions: BIP worry is a feasible and potentially effective treatment. As the treatment is scalable and involves limited therapist contact, it represents a low-cost method for treating adolescents with excessive worry and anxiety. Further investigation under randomized controlled trial (RCT) conditions is warranted.
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