| 1. |
- Byström, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Appraised psychological workload, musculoskeletal symptoms, and the mediating effect of fatigue: A structural equation modeling approach.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. ; 45:4, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to test two structural models of the relationship between appraised psychologicla workload and musculoskeletal symptoms from the neck, shoulder, and upper and lower back with different aspects of perceived fatigue as mediating variables. In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire survey was conducted among employees at three Swedish assembly plants (n=305). The proposed models were tested for one general fatigue dimension - lack of energy - and four specific fatigue dimensions - physical discomfort, physical exertion, lack of motivation, and sleepiness - using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the role of perceived fatigue in the relationship between appraised workload and musculoskeletal symptoms is different for different aspects of fatigue. The general fatigue dimension, lack of energy, does not mediate the relationship. As regards the specific fatigue dimensions, the relationship is partially mediated by physical discomfort and lack of motivation but not by physical exertion or sleepiness. Appraised psychological workload has a unique effect on musculoskeletal symptoms not mediated by fatigue.
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| 2. |
- Wadman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The role of the affective stress response as a mediator for the effect of psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal complaints - Part 2 : Hospital workers
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 37:5, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-sectional study of 267 hospital workers from different professions tested the hypothesis that affective stress responses mediate the effects of the psychosocial work environment on musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs). Self-reported psychosocial conditions,ergonomic workloads, affective stress and energy responses, and MSCs were analysed with a series of logistic regression analyses. The psychosocial variables were strongly related to stress and energy, and stress was related to MSCs. Neck and shoulder complaints were more common in the group with high demands and low skill discretion. This was the only significant relation between psychosocial variables and MSCs that was not explained by their confounding with ergonomic workload. However, controlling for stress did not substantially reduce or reduce this interaction effect, which would have been the case if it had been mediated (completely or partially) by stress.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Johanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluations of effects due to low-frequency noise in a low demanding work situation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-460X .- 1095-8568. ; 278:1-2, s. 83-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise sources with a dominating content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. This study aimed to evaluate effects of moderate levels of low-frequency noise on attention, tiredness and motivation in a low demanding work situation. Two ventilation noises at the same A-weighted sound pressure level of 45 dB were used: one of a low-frequency character and one of a flat frequency character (reference noise). Thirty-eight female subjects worked with six performance tasks for 4 h in the noises in a between-subject design. Most of the tasks were monotonous and routine in character. Subjective reports were collected using questionnaires and cortisol levels were measured in saliva. The major finding in this study was that low-frequency noise negatively influenced performance on two tasks sensitive to reduced attention and on a proof-reading task. Performances of tasks aimed at evaluating motivation were not significantly affected. The difference in work performance was not reflected by the subjective reports. No effect of noise was found on subjective stress or cortisol levels.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Johanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Sound characteristics in low frequency noise and their relevance for the perception of pleasantness
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Acoustica. ; 90:1, s. 171-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise sources with a dominant content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. Work efficiency has been found in two earlier studies to be impaired to a larger degree when working in a low frequency ventilation noise than when working in a flat frequency ventilation noise at the same A-weighted sound pressure level. Other previous studies indicate that different sound characteristics found in low frequency noise are important for the way in which low frequency noise affects humans, and better knowledge of these characteristics could lead to better methods for assessing low frequency noise in occupational environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of frequency balance between low and high frequencies, which affects the slope of the frequency spectra, and the modulation frequency on subjects´ perception of a pleasant low frequency noise. The results showed that the subjects preferred either a higher or a lower modulation frequency as compared to that of the original low frequency noise, both choices leading to less perceivable modulations. Furthermore, the subjects preferred a lower relative content of frequencies below 500 Hz, but only as long as the original low frequency noise contained modulations and the variations were made within a constant A-weighted sound pressure level. The results are discussed in relation to improved guidelines and to the previously suggested theory of slope of the frequency spectra and problems involved with the implementation of that theory.
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| 5. |
- Ljung, Robert, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Long reverberation time decreases recall of spoken information
- 2009
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Ingår i: Building Acoustics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1351-010X .- 2059-8025. ; 16:4, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore if a long reverberation time has the same effect on recall of spoken words as background noise was shown to have in a previous study. A further aim was to study the influence of working memory capacity on performance in these conditions. Thirty-two subjects performed a word recall and a sentence recognition test. They repeated each word to ensure correct identification. A reading span test measured their working memory capacity. Performance of the word recall task was impaired by the long reverberation time. The effect was most evident in the primacy part of the word list. No correlation was found between reading span score and recall performance.
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| 6. |
- Kjellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological response patterns during 'intake' and 'rejection' tasks
- 1979
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 9:1, s. 63-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two 2-min tasks, one requiring outer-directed attention (intake task), the other a mental arithmetic task (rejection task) were presented to 20 subjects. According to Lacey the distinguishing feature of the response to intake task are cardiac deceleration and blood pressure decreases. None of these responses was obtained. Some variables, however, were only affected by one of the task; the intake task led to a decreased hand (skin) blood flow and an increased hand vascular resistance, whereas a heart rate acceleration and increased forearm (muscle) blood flow and decreased forearm vascular resistance were observed during the rejection task. Blood pressure, respiration rate and skin conductance were similarly affected by the two tasks. Inconsistencies among previous studies of the response to the two types of tasks were discussed and found to be partially explained by methodological differences.
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| 7. |
- Kjellberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Recall of words heard in noise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 22:8, s. 1088-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore if recall of words and recognition of sentences orally presented was affected by a background noise. A further aim was to investigate the role of working memory capacity in performance in these conditions. Thirty-two subjects performed a word recall and a sentence recognition test. They repeated each word to ensure that they had heard them. A reading span test measured their working memory capacity. Performance on the word recall task was impaired by the background noise. A high reading span score was associated with a smaller noise effect, especially on recall of the last part of the word list
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hagström, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Changeability and gender related challenges of work values
- 2004
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Ingår i: 28th International Congress of Psychology, Beijing, 2004.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Changeability of work values was studied by longitudinal analyses of nurses and engineers from the Stockholm area in Sweden. Questionnaires were completed by 173 male and 48 female engineers and 353 female and 31 male nurses at three measurement occasions covering about four and half years from the end of their vocational education. Women's ratings of Social relations and Altruism remained higher than men's while women & acute; ratings of Benefit/career and Influence increased which eliminated the initial gender difference. The changeability of work values is discussed in terms of challenges and norms in working life.
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| 10. |
- Hagström, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and change in work values among male and female nurses and engineers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 48:2, s. 143-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender related changes of work values were analyzed in a longitudinal questionnaire study of 173 male and 48 female engineers and 353 female and 31 male nurses at three measurement occasions covering about four and half years from the end of their vocational education. At all occasions, Social relations were rated as more important by women than by men and Altruism was given higher ratings by the nurses than by the engineers. Within both occupations women’s mean Altruism ratings were higher than men’s mean ratings, and in all groups except male engineers the mean ratings dropped between the three occasions. Women’s ratings of Benefits and career and Influence were strengthened in both occupations, thereby eliminating an initial gender difference. The stability of work values is discussed in terms of challenges and norms in working life.
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