| 1. |
- Bäck, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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From I to We : Group Formation and Linguistic Adaption in an Online Xenophobic Forum
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Social and Political Psychology. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 2195-3325. ; 6:1, s. 76-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile
- 2019
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 5:3, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Creativity can be defined as the creation of something that is novel, useful, and valuable for society (i.e., high-level creativity) and/or everyday life. In this context, people have implicit theories of creativity as being either nonmalleable (i.e., a fixed creative mindset) or malleable (i.e., a growth creative mindset). Our aim was twofold: (1) to test an improved creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., adding high-level/everyday creativity perspectives and using an organizational important task) by assessing if participants used different ways to answer to the prime and (2) to analyse the relationship between personality and creative utterances regarding an important topic in participants ' future professions. Method: Students (N = 73) from different health care professions were randomly assigned to the non-malleable or malleable creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., fixed vs. growth) and then asked to write about (a) their own creativity, (b) person-centered care in their professions (i.e., unusual use test), and to (c) self-rate their personality (Temperament and Character Inventory). We used natural language processing methods (i.e., Latent Semantic Algorithm) to analyse participants ' responses in the different conditions and also responses in relation to selfreported personality. Results: The fixed versus growth condition was predicted (r = .55, p < 0.0001), following Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons by participants' descriptions about creativity. Although the condition was not predicted (r = .07, p < 0.2755) by participants ' utterances about person-centered care, a t-test suggested that participants used words that were semantically different depending on the condition they were randomly assigned to (t(2371) = 5.82, p = .0000). For instance, participants in the growth condition used verbs more frequently, while those in the fixed condition used the personal pronoun I more often. Finally, only the temperament trait of reward dependence (r = .32, p < 0.01) predicted the person-centered care utterances. Conclusion: We argue that the paradigm successfully primed participants to write about creativity and person-centered care using narratives with different semantic content. However, individuals ' ambition to be socially accepted, rather than creative personality traits, elicited the utterances about person-centered care. The creative mindset priming paradigm presented here along language processing methods might be useful for measuring creative potential at work. We suggest that if health care personnel ' s notions of the activities related to care are generated from their drive to be socially accepted and not from a truly creative profile, the activities might be self-serving and not person-centered.
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| 3. |
- Sikström, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical Semantics - Methods and Applications
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, research strategies have been divided into one of two camps – quantitative or qualitative. In the former case analysis is based on numerical data and in the latter case it is based on non-numerical data. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches have been discussed extensively throughout the history of science. Typically, quantitative approaches have been argued to provide a more rigorous and objective testing of hypothesis but criticized to overlook the richness of texts and verbal reports. On the other hand, it has been argued that qualitative approaches are able to capture the nuances of verbal reports but criticized for being less rigorous where data cannot be precisely analyzed with statistical methods, as well as being time consuming and where the outcome may depend on, among other things, the qualities of researcher. That is, qualitative and quantitative approaches have previously been seen as two islands separated by a vast ocean, where we hope that this book will provide a bridge between these areas. The aim of this book is to propose an approach where quantitative methods are applied to data that earlier was limited to qualitative research. To emphasize the quantitative aspects of semantic, and the possibilities of conducting scientific interferences, we introduce the concept of statistical semantics as a theme of the book. We present the reader to a subset of techniques found in the domain of statistical semantics. More specifically, this book focus on methods that allow the investigation of semantic relationships between words based on empirical corpus data. The present book do not provide a comprehensive overview of the field of statistical semantics but rather an accessible hands-on introduction to a selection of techniques compared to other available textbooks.
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| 4. |
- Petersén Karlsson, Kristina, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in autobiographical memory : females latently express communality more than do males
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 31:7, s. 651-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender differences have been found in several aspects of autobiographical memory (i.e. personally experienced events). For example, previous studies have shown that females’ autobiographical memories contain more communal and emotional expressions than do males. However, an important question concerns whether these differences can be observed both in the manifest content (i.e. what is actually said) and in the latent content (i.e. the underlying meaning of what is said). In the present exploratory study, we extended the current knowledge concerning gender differences in autobiographical memory by investigating the manifestly expressed words, as well as the latently expressed words in autobiographical memory descriptions. We observed an overall gender difference in the latent content of the autobiographical memories. Furthermore, females latently described their memories in more communal terms than males did. No other gender differences were found. Our results indicate that females’ autobiographical memories are more communally oriented than male's.
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| 5. |
- Pietraszkiewicz, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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The big two dictionaries : Capturing agency and communion in natural language
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0046-2772 .- 1099-0992. ; 49:5, s. 871-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four studies developed and validated two dictionaries to capture agentic and communal expressions in natural language. Their development followed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) approach (Study 1) and we tested their validity with frequency‐based analyses and semantic similarity measures. The newly developed Agency and Communion dictionaries were aligned with LIWC categories related to agency and communion (Study 2), and corresponded with subjective ratings (Study 3), confirming their convergent validity. Very low or absent correspondence between proposed dictionaries and unrelated LIWC categories demonstrated their discriminant validity (Study 2). Finally, we applied both dictionaries to language used in advertisements. In correspondence to gender stereotypes, male‐dominated jobs were advertised with more agentic than communal words, and female‐dominated jobs with more communal than agentic words (Study 4). Both dictionaries represent reliable tools for quantifying agentic and communal content in natural language, and will improve and facilitate future research on agency and communion.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-descriptions on LinkedIn: Recruitment or Friendship Identity?
- 2018
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Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 7:3, s. 152-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used quantitative semantics to find clusters of words in LinkedIn users' self-descriptions to an employer or a friend. Some of these clusters discriminated between worker and friend conditions (e.g., flexible vs caring) and between LinkedIn users with high and low education (e.g., analytical vs. messy).
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| 8. |
- Sikström, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Weighting power by preference eliminates gender differences
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power can be applied in different domains (e.g., politics, work, romantic relationships, family etc.), however, we do not always reflect on which domains we have power in and how important power in these domains is. A dominant idea is that men have more power than women. This notion may be biased because the concept of power is associated with public life. We introduce the concept of preference-weighted power (PWP), a measure of power that includes different domains in life, weighted by the domains’ subjective importance. Two studies investigated power from this perspective. In Study 1, participants generated words related to power, which were quantified/categorized by latent semantic analysis to develop a semantic measure of the power construct. In Study 2, we computed a PWP index by weighting the participants' self-rated power in different power domains with the importance of having power in that domain. Together the studies suggest that men have more perceived power in the public domain, however, this domain has a lower preference weighting than the private domain where women have more power than men. Finally, when preferences for power in different domains were considered, no gender differences were observed. These results emphasize gender difference in different domains and may change how we perceive men’s and women’s power in our society.
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| 9. |
- Seddigh, Aram, et al.
(författare)
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The association between office design and performance on demanding cognitive tasks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-4944 .- 1522-9610. ; 42, s. 172-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physical office environment has been shown to be associated with indicators of both health and performance. This study focuses on how memory performance is affected in normal working conditions compared to a quiet baseline (with low amount irrelevant stimuli) in different office types, including cell offices, small open-plan offices, medium-sized open-plan offices and large open-plan offices. The results showed that the drop in performance from the quiet baseline to normal working conditions was higher in larger, compared to smaller, open-plan offices. However, contrary to our hypothesis we found that cell offices might have negative effects on performance comparable to those of large open-plan offices. These results indicate that employees in small open-plan offices, in comparison to large, have better possibilities to conduct cognitively demanding tasks and that cell offices might not be as advantageous as previously thought.
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of Two Short Personality Inventories Using Self-Descriptions in Natural Language and Quantitative Semantics Test Theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: If individual differences are relevant and prominent features of personality, then they are expected to be encoded in natural language, thus manifesting themselves in single words. Recently, the quantification of text data using advanced natural language processing techniques offers innovative opportunities to map people’s own words and narratives to their responses to self-reports. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of self-descriptions in natural language and what we tentatively call Quantitative Semantic Test Theory (QuSTT) to validate two short inventories that measure character traits. Method: In Study 1, participants (N1 = 997) responded to the Short Character Inventory, which measures self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. In Study 2, participants (N2 = 2373) responded to Short Dark Triad, which measures Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. In both studies, respondents were asked to generate 10 self-descriptive words. We used the Latent Semantic Algorithm to quantify the meaning of each trait using the participants’ self-descriptive words. We then used these semantic representations to predict the self-reported scores. In a second set of analyses, we used word-frequency analyses to map the self-descriptive words to each of the participants’ trait scores (i.e., one-dimensional analysis) and character profiles (i.e., three-dimensional analysis). Results: The semantic representation of each character trait was related to each corresponding self-reported score. However, participants’ self-transcendence and Machiavellianism scores demonstrated similar relationships to all three semantic representations of the character traits in their respective personality model. The one-dimensional analyses showed that, for example, “loving” was indicative of both high cooperativeness and self-transcendence, while “compassionate,” “kind,” and “caring” was unique for individuals high in cooperativeness. The words “kind” and “caring” indicated low levels of Machiavellianism and psychopathy, whereas “shy” or “introvert” indicated low narcissism. We also found specific keywords that unify or that make the individuals in some profiles unique. Conclusion: Despite being short, both inventories capture individuals’ identity as expected. Nevertheless, our method also points out some shortcomings and overlaps between traits measured with these inventories. We suggest that self-descriptive words can be quantified to validate measures of psychological constructs (e.g., prevalence in self-descriptions or QuSTT) and that this method may complement traditional methods for testing the validity of psychological measures.
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