| 1. |
- Sjöholm, H, et al.
(författare)
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Necrosis of malignant gliomas after intratumoral injection of 201Tl in vivo in the rat
- 1995
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Ingår i: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - 0959-4973. ; 6:1, s. 109-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fourteen adult Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in vivo unilaterally in the caudate nucleus in the brain with malignant RG 2 glioma cells. By 3 weeks a tumor with a diameter of 3-6 mm normally develops. Ten animals which survived the repeated periods of anesthesia and thallium (Tl) injections (intratumorally three times of 201Tl, 15-23 days after inoculation) showed a prolonged retention of radioactivity at the site of injection with no uptake in other organs except for the kidneys. Singular circumscribed necroses were found post-mortem at the site of injection, comprising malignant glioma tumor tissue, which in six animals was absent, in three animals was markedly reduced in size compared with controls and in one animal had the expected size. In four animals metastases were found in distant locations in the brain; in three of these cases there was a retention of radioactivity in the tumor. The selective necrotizing effect on the tumor cells is interpreted as mainly due to emission of Auger electrons from intracellularly accumulated 201Tl, giving rise to very high energy deposition in the vicinity of the cell nucleus. The results should also have implications for the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sundgren, P, et al.
(författare)
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Paragangliomas of the spinal canal
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1920 .- 0028-3940. ; 41:10, s. 788-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the clinical MRI and histopathological features of five consecutive cases of spinal paraganglioma. Three intradural tumours were found in the typical location (two at the L4, one at the S2 level); one intradural extramedullary tumour arose at an unusual level, from the ventral C2 root, and one extradural tumour growing along the L5 nerve root sheath had an aggressive growth pattern with early, local paraspinal recurrence and, eventually, intradural metastatic spread. This type of growth pattern has not been described previously. Paragangliomas of the spinal canal are more common than previously thought and can be located anywhere along the spine, although the lumbosacral level is the most common. Their appearance on MRI can not distinguish them from other tumours in the spinal canal. Even though paragangliomas in general are benign and slowly growing their growth pattern can vary and be more aggressive, to the point of metastatic spread.
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| 5. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Asteno-emotionellt syndrom, kognitiv dysfunktion : Astheno-emotional syndrome and cognitive dysfunction after whiplash injuries
- 1999
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Ingår i: Konferens och utbildningsdag om whiplash-skador, Göteborg 19/10 1999.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Typiska manifestationer av lindriga till måttliga asteno-emotionella syndrom (AE-syndrom, AED): • Koncentrationssvårigheter (ssk. svårighet att upprätthålla koncentration över tid) • Psykisk uttröttbarhet • Sekundära minnestörningar (påverkan såväl på korttidsminnet som på lagring till och framtagning från långtidsminnet) • Emotionell labilitet • Irritabilitet • Överkänslighet för sensoriska stimuli Tänkbara orsaker till AED vid whiplash-trauma: • Vid uppenbar hjärnskada kan ett tydligt AED framträda relativt tidigt. • Ett lindrigt AED baserat på en centralnervös funktionsrubbning kan möjligen uppstå primärt, även om amnesi för episoden inte föreligger. Observera att ett lindrigt AE-syndrom i denna fas kan maskeras av andra, mer påtagliga symtom. • Ett patologiskt signalflöde från den skadade nackregionen (vare sig det når medvetandet eller ej) kan sannolikt innebära en överbelastning av högre centra i CNS, och därför ge ett lindrigt sekundärt AED utan primär dysfunktion i CNS. • Kroniska, upplevda symtom av skadan (smärta, yrsel etc) kan på längre sikt också ge en sådan överbelastning , vilket leder till ett lindrigt AED. Tänkbara följder av AED vid whiplash: AED kan i sig ge psykogena komplikationer, svåra eller omöjliga att skilja från reaktioner av typ PTSD och från sekundära reaktioner på övriga kroniska symtom av skadan. Vanliga psykogena komplikationer: • Ängslan och ångest • Spänning • Huvudvärk • Vegetativa symptom • Depressivitet Av dessa reaktioner är den sekundära depressionen vid utdragna besvär särskilt viktig att beakta, liksom givetvis möjligheten till många onda cirklar med övrig symtomatologi vid whiplashskador (AED --> ökad smärtreaktivitet --> värre AED). Förslag till revision av vårdprogram: • Anamnes beträffande AED bör alltid tas tidigt i förloppet • Neuropsykologisk utredning kan vara indicerad tidigt, även om tydliga kognitiva symtom inte spontant rapporterats • Patientinformationen bör tidigt innefatta en diskussion av symptom, prognos och lämpliga åtgärder vid lindriga astenoemotionella syndrom • Försiktighet med återgång till fullt arbete innan AED har uteslutits.
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| 6. |
- Radovic, Susanna, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue and fatigability - semantic and etiologic perspectives
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and conceptual issues. Bremen, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fatigue and increased fatigability occur as symptoms in almost every medical and psychiatric condition, as well as being common reactions to non-pathological physical and psychological strain and stress. We will attempt to clarify the semantics of the terms "fatigue" and "fatigability", and we will put forward the hypothesis that the special kind of mental fatigability which characterises many cases of mild to moderate dysfunction of the brain is functional in a sense that it represents an overload of pathological information (from the injured area) to higher cognitive mechanisms which may themselves be anatomically and physiologically intact.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ekelund, Anders
(författare)
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Detection and haemodilutive treatment of cerebral arterial vasospasm and delayed ischaemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with cerebral arterial vasospasm and ischaemia, a serious complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Firstly is the noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound and transcranial cerebral oximetry techniques evaluated in detecting cerebral arterial vasospasm in clinical practice. Patients were examined during first 14 days after the bleed. Flow velocities in normo- versus hypertensive patients were also compared. Secondly is the effect in blood viscosity, cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery rate evaluated during the commonly used haemodilutive therapy for vasospasm. Haematocrit after colloid infusion was compared with controls. Both global and regional cerebral blood flow was measured after iso- and hypervolaemic haemodilution. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound used daily is a valuable non-invasive bedside method to detect an increased risk for vasospasm. Especially when there is a rapid increase in mean flow velocity during 24 hours. However, in patients with verified arterial hypertension even a moderately increased mean flow velocity may indicate vasospasm. Transcranial cerebral oximetry may be useful as a complement to transcranial Doppler ultrasound as a correlation between reduced cerebral saturation and increased mean flow velocity seem to exist. There is a spontaneous haemodilution after subarachnoid haemorrhage as haematocrit is lowered irrespective of haemodilutive therapy or not. Haemodilutive therapy alone may therefore not be beneficial for SAH patients. Isovolaemic haemodilution does not improve cerebral oxygen delivery although global cerebral blood flow and transcranial Doppler mean flow velocity increases. Nor is hypervolaemic haemodilution beneficial for patients with vasospasm as the increased CBF is counteracted by a reduction in oxygen delivery to the brain.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Liselott
(författare)
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Cervical Radiculopathy. Effects of Surgery, Physiotherapy or Cervical Collar. A prospective, randomised study.
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The efficacy of surgery, physiotherapy or a cervical collar in the treatment of chronic cervicobrachial pain of radicular origin was evaluated in a prospective, randomised study comprising 81 patients of both sexes, 28-64 years of age, referred for possible neurosurgical treatment. After neurological and radiological examination and giving their informed consent, they were randomised to one of the three treatments. The surgery group underwent anterior decompression and single level fusion by bovine graft. The conservatively treated groups received individual physiotherapy or a rigid cervical collar for three months. The effects were evaluated at three months and 12 months later with respect to pain, tender points, sensory disturbance, muscle strength, neck and shoulder joint mobility, postural control, mood and health status. All treated groups improved, although the improvement rate differed. The surgically treated group was significantly better at three months, but one year later, there was no significant difference between the three groups. The studies variables also included the patients? balance in comparison with a healthy control group and the occurrence of headache. Before treatment, the patients manifested significantly poorer postural control than sex and age- matched controls. Three months after treatment the surgery group showed a significantly improved postural performance and the collar group showed the poorest. Forty-nine of the 81 patients were classified as having cervical headache and 24 of these reported that their headache had improved at the three months? control. Patients with cervical headache reported significantly more cervicobrachial pain and higher tenderness score than patients with cervical radiculopathy with no headache. No one-year follow-up was performed concerning balance and headache. It may be concluded that pain intensity, sensory disturbance, muscle strength and health status can be expected to improve most rapidly after surgery, but a slow improvement with conservative treatments makes the one-year results about equal.
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