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- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nicotine in visual attention tasks
- 1996
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Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 11, s. 47-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-five male volunteers (18 nicotine-users and 17 controls) participated in an experiment where a flanker task and a search task were used. It was hypothesized that if nicotine affects selective attention, effects of distracting flanker stimuli should be diminished, and effects of allocation strategies in the search task should be more marked. Nicotine-users performed the tasks after an over-night abstinence, and after administration of oral snuff. In both tasks nicotine users improved more than controls, but there was no indication of nicotine effects on selective attention in either task. Our results point towards a non-specific arousing effect of nicotine.
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| 3. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Personality dimensions and regional cerebral blood flow
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology, vol. 31, no. 3-4. ; , s. 331-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) indicate patterns of brain activity with great potential usefulness for exploring the biological bases of personality traits. We have examined the distribution of cortical rCBF induced by spontaneous mental activity in the resting state, and correlated regional activation with questionnaire measures of personality traits. Our main interest has been in the dimension of extraversion-/introversion. Over a series of three studies (total N=75), results have consistently shown a relationship between high temporal lobe activity and introversion. Task-induced mental activation has tended to diminish the personality differences found at rest.
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| 4. |
- Lindgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of neurophysiological functions, performance, and subjective symptoms after moderate insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic men
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 13:3, s. 218-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restoration of cognitive function was studied in 10 healthy men aged 26 years (25.5 +/- 1.2 years; mean +/- SD) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (arterialized blood glucose 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1) for 62 +/- 8 min. Another group of six men participated in a single blind sham study for comparison. The hypoglycaemic event caused a significant increase (p = 0.006) in serum adrenaline levels. Ratings of adrenergically mediated symptoms increased during hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006), as did neuroglycopenic symptoms (p = 0.002), although neuroglycopenia ratings increased in both studies. During hypoglycaemia, P300 amplitudes in a relatively demanding visual search task decreased (p = 0.02), whereas easier tasks were unaffected. The amplitudes were restored after 40 min of normoglycaemia. Reaction time deteriorated after restoration of normoglycaemia, suggesting an effect of hypoglycaemia on learning. Thus, hypoglycaemia at a blood glucose level that is common among patients treated with insulin causes clear cognitive dysfunction, although restoration of the cognitive dysfunction to normal was fast.
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| 5. |
- Ärlig, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Retorikfallet : förföljande strategier i ett LVU-ärende
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att med inriktning på klargörande av ev förföljande strategier kritiskt granska sex tjänsteutlåtanden i ett LVU-fall. Två använda grundläggande tekniker i utredningsmaterialet är undanhållande respektive fabricerande. Totalt bedöms 56 förföljande strategier förekomma, vilka indelas i sex större grupper. Det uppställs 11 hypoteser kring varför förföljande strategier används.
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| 7. |
- Munakata, Yuko, et al.
(författare)
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When it helps to occlude and obscure : 6-month-olds' predictive tracking of moving toys
- 1996
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Ingår i: Infant Behavior and Development. - 0163-6383 .- 1879-0453. ; 19:Suppl. 1, s. 639-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What do infants know about hidden objects’? Previous research suggests that the answer depends on how the objects are hidden. For instance, infants appear to reach for toys in the dark (Clifton, Rochat, Litovsky, & Penis, 1991; Hood & Willatts, 1986) before they reach for toys occluded in the light. However, these experiments have not compared directly toys occluded in the light and by darkness. The current experiment tests infants under both conditions in the same paradigm. In addition, the experiment introduces a combined ccluderdarkness condition to test two distinct explanations for a possible advantage in the dark. First, infants may have knowledge about hidden objects but cannot act on it for occluder-specific reasons (e.g., means-ends deficits, beliefs about the whether the object is accessible). Second, infants may have graded representations of occluded objects that can be more easily maintained in the face of global darkness than with the direct visual interference of an occluder. Counterintuitive results from the current experiment provide evidence for both representational and occluder-specific effects.
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| 8. |
- Näslund, Johan, 1954-
(författare)
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Kurt Lewins socialpsykologi och dynamisk gruppsykologi : En jämförelse och diskussion om ledarens betydelse för förändring av en grupps arbete
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents field theory and group perspective by Kurt Lewin. It also presents psychodynamic theory of small groups. Leadership and the leaders role in group change is in focus. In recent years there has been a renewed interest in Lewinian field theory. This paper argues that there are many similarities between Lewinian social psychology and psychodynamic theory about small groups. From a field theoretical perspective you can say that different fields (eg Lewinian social psychology and dynamic theory) are positive against a new gestalt.The paper also tries, with help from above presented theories, to answer the question; are leaders, or gatekeepers, capable of changing small groups? Both Lewinian and group dynamic theory says yes, but under different circumstances. Group dynamic theory focus is on the "life space" while focus in Lewinian field theory is on the "life space" and the "social space".
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