| 41. |
- Eskilsson, Therese, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Hopeful struggling for health : Experiences of participating in computerized cognitive training and aerobic training for persons with stress-related exhaustion disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 61:3, s. 361-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important to understand how people with exhaustion disorder (ED) perceive interventions aiming to facilitate cognitive functioning. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to explore experiences from persons with ED after participating in a 12-week intervention of either computerized cognitive training or aerobic training. Both interventions were performed in addition to a multimodal rehabilitation programme. Thirteen participants, 11 women and 2 men, were interviewed about pros and cons with participating in the training. The interviews were analysed with Qualitative Content Analysis. The analyses resulted in the theme hopeful struggling for health and the categories support, motivation and sensations. It was hard work recovering from ED. Support from others who are in the same situation, family members, and technology and routines for the training were strongly emphasized as beneficial for recovery. Timing, i.e., matching activities to the rehabilitation programme, getting feedback and perceiving joy in the training were important for motivation. Participants in both interventions experienced positive sensations with improved memory performance, everyday life functioning and increased faith in the prospect of recovery. However, it is important to consider various aspects of support and motivation in both computerized cognitive training and aerobic training to enable participants to pursue their participation.
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| 42. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Problematic Alcohol Use in a Workplace Setting : Protocol for Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Feasibility and Outcomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for mental health issues has been successfully implemented in routine health care settings, and research indicates that ICBT can also be applied to decrease problematic alcohol use in workplace settings. However, studies investigating the feasibility of implementing ICBT in a workplace setting have been lacking.Objective: The current study aims to investigate the feasibility of delivering ICBT for problematic alcohol use within an employee assistance program (EAP).Methods: The study has a quantitative naturalistic design, quantitively comparing ICBT and face-to-face treatment, and allowing for qualitative interviews with employees and employers. Recruitment of participants follows a five-session in-person psychological assessment at an EAP regarding an employee's presumed problematic alcohol consumption. All assessed employees referred to ICBT or face-to-face treatment will be offered participation in the study. Interviews will be held with employees and their employer representatives following ICBT to elucidate both stakeholders' experience and perception of ICBT and its context. Outcome comparisons between ICBT and face-to-face treatment will be assessed quantitatively using a Reliable Change Index and analysis of variance. Thematic analysis and Grounded Theory will be used to analyze the interview material.Results: The study is set to begin in April 2020 and to end in September 2021. The aim is to recruit up to 150 participants to the quantitative part of the study and 45 participants (15 employees and 30 employer representatives) to the qualitative part of the study.Conclusions: The current study will provide knowledge that is lacking and urgently needed on how to implement ICBT for problematic alcohol use in a workplace setting.
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| 43. |
- Furukawa, Toshi A., et al.
(författare)
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Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression : a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet psychiatry. - London, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:6, s. 500-511
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42.0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1.83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2.90 to -0.80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1.20 [95% CrI 0.17 to 2.27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CrI 0.13 to 0.93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. 511
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| 44. |
- Gogoulou, Evangelia, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting treatment outcome from patient texts : The case of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: EACL 2021 - 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). - 9781954085022 ; , s. 575-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the feasibility of applying standard text categorisation methods to patient text in order to predict treatment outcome in Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy. The data set is unique in its detail and size for regular care for depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder. Our results indicate that there is a signal in the depression data, albeit a weak one. We also perform terminological and sentiment analysis, which confirm those results. © 2021 Association for Computational Linguistics
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| 45. |
- Hallberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hypersexual Disorder, With or Without Paraphilia(s) or Paraphilic Disorder(s) in Men : A Pilot Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1743-6095 .- 1743-6109. ; 17:10, s. 2039-2054
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hypersexual disorder (HD) is a condition in which the individual experiences loss of control over engagement in sexual behaviors, leading to negative effects on various areas of life. Paraphilias often present concomitantly with HD, and although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been proven to reduce engagement in hypersexual behavior, no studies have investigated the effects of Internet-administered CBT (ICBT) on HD, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s). Aim: To investigate the effects of Internet-administered CBT on HD, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s). Methods: Male participants (n = 36) evaluated positive according to the proposed diagnostic HD criteria, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s), received 12 weeks of ICBT. Measures were administered weekly over the treatment period, with an additional follow-up measurement 3 months after completion of treatment. An assessment interview was performed 2 weeks after treatment. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19), and secondary outcomes were the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD:CAS), the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), as well as a tentative composite of 6 Severity Self-rating Measures, for Paraphilic Disorders and depression (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS-S]), psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure [CORE-OM]), and treatment satisfaction (CSQ-8). Results: Large, significant decreases in HD symptoms and sexual compulsivity were found, as well as moderate improvements in psychiatric well-being and paraphilic symptoms. These effects remained stable 3 months after treatment. Clinical Implications: ICBT can ameliorate HD symptoms, psychiatric distress, and paraphilic symptoms, which suggests that the ICBT for HD, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s), may constitute a valuable addition of treatment options in clinical settings. Strengths and Limitations: This is the first study evaluating the efficacy ofICBT on a sample of men suffering from HD. In addition, a proportion of the sample reported concomitant paraphilic interests and disorders, thus mirroring an everyday clinical practice in the field of sexual medicine. No control group was assigned, and some of the outcome measures are still to be validated. The long-term effects of ICBT and its efficacy in hypersexual women are unknown. Conclusions: This study gives support for ICBT as an effective treatment option for HD. Future evaluations of the treatment program should include women and larger samples in randomized controlled procedures and investigate the long-term effects. Copyright (C) 2020, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Hatcher, Robert L., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Working Alliance Inventory—Therapist version : Current and new short forms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 30:6, s. 706-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and its short forms are widely used, although the properties of the therapists? versions have been little studied. Method: We examined the psychometric properties of two short forms (WAI-S-T, WAI-SR-T), and explored the creation of a psychometrically stronger short form using contemporary measure development techniques. Well-fitting items from the full 36-item WAI were identified in a development sample (131 therapists, 688 patients) using multi-level Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling, accounting for therapist rated effects. Multi-level Item Response Theory (IRT) methods aided creation of a revised short form (WAI-S-T-IRT). Factor structures of the three forms were assessed using multi-level ML estimation with robust standard errors. Results: Collinearity problems for the Goal and Task dimensions led to testing a two-factor model (Goal?Task, Bond). All three measures showed satisfactory fit; the WAI-S-T-IRT fit slightly better but differences were minor. Testing the structures in an independent sample (N?=?1117) yielded essentially the same results. No version showed strong measurement invariance. Discussion: Continued use of current therapist forms is supported; differentiation of theoretical dimensions is difficult with current measures, and may not be possible with self-report forms.
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| 47. |
- Härenstam, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Work : An Approach to the Exploration, Understanding, and Prevention of Gender Differences in Working Conditions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gendered Norms at Work. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 2213-0497 .- 2213-0470. - 9783030777333 - 9783030777340 ; , s. 15-33
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was a step forward when quantitative research began several decades ago to stratify survey data and analyses of working conditions by sex. However, more information is needed to uncover the mechanisms behind the gender differences that are often observed in such data. According to structuration and inequality theories (Tilly, 1999; Acker, 2012), explanations for differences between groups tend to be searched for mainly in individual-related factors when distinct categories such as women and men are compared. Differences in structural conditions such as how work is organized and how resources are allocated may not be apparent and therefore risk not to be approached in preventive actions. The horizontal gender segregation of the labour market is very consistent, although gendering and gender-typing are dynamic processes. Sectors, industries, services, production technologies, workplaces, work objects and job tasks are gendered, both with regard to symbolic gender connotations and the sex composition of the workers. The responsibility for organizing work and the work environment is placed on the employers at workplaces within industries. Also, structural and technological changes at the labour market are framed by the logic of industries. In this chapter, it is suggested that knowledge of the work environment as surveyed, analysed, and reported by industry type is suitable as a basis for identification of processes that contribute to inequality. Such information can be applied in the creation of healthy workplaces and prevention of work-related ill health for both women and men in differently gendered segments of the labour market.
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| 48. |
- Kajonius, Petri, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 39:6, s. 2351-2356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life.
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| 49. |
- Kaldo, Viktor, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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An open-ended primary-care group intervention for insomnia based on a self-help book : A randomized controlled trial and 4-year follow-up
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic insomnia is a common and burdensome problem for patients seeking primary care. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been shown to be effective for insomnia, also when presented with co-morbidities, but access to sleep therapists is limited. Group-treatment and self-administered treatment via self-help books have both been shown to be efficacious treatment options, and the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an open-ended group intervention based on a self-help book for insomnia, adapted to fit a primary-care setting. Forty primary-care patients with insomnia (mean age 55 years, 80% women) were randomized to the open-ended group intervention based on a cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia self-help book or to a care as usual/wait-list control condition. Results show high attendance to group sessions and high treatment satisfaction. Participants in the control group later received the self-help book, but without the group intervention. The book-based group treatment resulted in significantly improved insomnia severity, as well as shorter sleep-onset latency, less wake time after sleep onset, and less use of sleep medication compared with treatment as usual. The improvements were sustained at a 4-year follow-up assessment. A secondary analysis found a significant advantage of the combination of the book and the open-ended group intervention compared with when the initial control group later used only the self-help book. An open-ended treatment group based on a self-help book for insomnia thus seems to be an effective and feasible intervention for chronic insomnia in primary-care settings.
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Light my fire but don't choke on the smoke: Wellbeing and pollution from fireplace use in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fireplaces are popular in Northern Europe. However, particle emissions from fireplaces have been identified as an environmental problem and a health problem. User behaviors affect particle emissions and the success of particle reducing technologies to a large extent. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate why and how people use their fireplaces, including what emotions people associate with fire, and their interest in learning more about fire making and changing behavior related to fire making. It does so by applying an emotion regulation model in a novel way. In total, 146 Swedish individuals owning a fireplace (the majority had wood stoves, a few had tiled stoves, boilers or other types of fireplaces) participated in an online questionnaire about motives, behaviors, knowledge, and interest in learning and changing behavior. The most common motives for using a fireplace in this sample were complementary heating and “cozy fire making”. Our results suggest that watching a fire can aid in regulating emotions from unpleasant stress towards joy and provide a pleasant atmosphere for socialization, and that wood fuel may be a preferred complementary energy choice because it provides beautiful light, comfortable warmth, beautiful design and safety. People reporting emotional motives for using a fireplace also reported an interest in changing behavior. © 2020
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