| 51. |
- Hägnebo, Christina
(författare)
-
Vertigo as a companion through life : Empirical studies regarding psychological factors in Menière's disease
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vertigo, tinnitus and hearing impairment constitute the cardinal symptoms in Menière'sdisease. This inner ear disorder, the aetiology of which is not fully understood, may causeconsiderable distress to the individual. Previous psychological research regardingMenière's disease has mainly focused on general personality traits. The aim of the presentwork was to make a systematic investigation of psychological factors in relation tosymptoms in Menière's disease. The theoretical frame was health psychology.In study I, it was found that perceived discomfort from Menière's disease correlated with dysphoria, anxiety, insomnia and lack of concentration. A majority of the participants reported an awareness of premonitory symptoms of vertigo attacks, and of associations among environmental, emotional and activity factors and attacks. In study II, subjective correlates of vertigo attacks were further explored, and situational and somatic factors were found to correlate with perceived disease progression. Study III showed that dysphoria and 'confidence in balance' in everyday activities were related to perceived discomfort from vertigo. In study IV, same-day associations between perceived symptoms and stress were found, but individual differences were observed. No evidence was obtained that stress occurring in the preceding days will increase symptoms in Menière's disease. In study V, cognitive stress produced at a Stroop test caused less body sway as measured on a stabilometer compared with body sway after a resting session. In study VI, it was found that ways of coping with stressful events correlated with perceived functional handicap from dizziness in Menière's disease. 'Anxiety sensitivity' also correlated with perceived handicap from dizziness.From the results it is suggested that psychological factors are important in Menière's disease and that there are individual differences in such factors in relation to symptoms. It is recommended that more attention should be devoted to psychological factors related to symptoms in order to minimise fear and uncertainty and to enhance the predictability of symptoms and the possibility of coping with this disease.
|
|
| 52. |
|
|
| 53. |
- Morton, Ference, et al.
(författare)
-
Inlärning och Omvärldsuppfattning : en bok om den studerande människan
- 1999. - 2
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inlärning och omvärldsuppfattning är en bok om och för den studerande människan. Den bygger på ett omfattande forskningsarbete, utfört av bokens författare på Pedagogiska institutionen vid Göteborgs universitet. Det centrala temat är den typ av inlärning som påverkar och modifierar vår bild av omvärlden - därav bokens titel.Andra frågor som tas upp är: Vad är det man lär sig? Vad minns man av det man lärt sig? Hur bär man sig åt vid inlärningen? Hur kan man påverka inlärningsförmågan? Vad är sambandet mellan inlärning och undervisningen?Denna titel har tidigare givits ut av Norstedts men ingår numera i Studentlitteraturs sortiment
|
|
| 54. |
- Rodriguez, Alina
(författare)
-
Predicting health behaviors and health outcomes during pregnancy : A biopsychosocial approach
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pregnancy is a major health event. The biomedical perspective alone is unable to predict complications,particularly for nulliparous women. This dissertation takes an integrative approach by using psychosocial,personality, and contextual factors as predictors of health behaviors and outcomes during pregnancy whiletaking biomedical factors into account. Nulliparous, Swedish women were studied longitudinally startingfrom their first prenatal health care visit to postpartum using a repeated measures design. Study I examined smoking and exercise at mid and late pregnancy. Independent of prepregnancybehavior, we found that healthy lifestyle behaviors were predicted by health awareness (moderated bypregnancy adjustment) and by perceived stress (moderated by social support and hostility). Hostility waspositively related to exercise and negatively to smoking. Study II indicated that women reported a widerange of symptoms during gestational week 28, however, only a small portion of these symptoms weredocumented in the medical record. Self-reported symptoms were moderately correlated to psychosocial andpersonality factors. Social support and biomedical factors accounted for the number of symptomsdocumented in the medical record to a similar extent as, and independent of, self-reports. Self-reportedsymptoms subsequently predicted various forms of medical care utilization, while documented symptomspredicted some delivery and neonatal outcomes. Study III examined the antecedents and consequences ofperceived health while holding medical risk factors constant. Social support, negative affect, and stresspredicted medically relevant symptoms, which in turn, and in conjunction with pregnancy adjustment,predicted perceived health. Perceived health accounted for subsequent medial care utilization, i.e. numberof visits to an obstetrician, which in turn was associated with emergency room visits. Stress predictedemergency room visits. The present research highlights the interplay between psychosocial, personality,contextual and biomedical factors as they relate to health behaviors and to understudied health outcomesduring pregnancy.
|
|
| 55. |
- Ärlig, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Retorikfallet : förföljande strategier i ett LVU-ärende
- 1996
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att med inriktning på klargörande av ev förföljande strategier kritiskt granska sex tjänsteutlåtanden i ett LVU-fall. Två använda grundläggande tekniker i utredningsmaterialet är undanhållande respektive fabricerande. Totalt bedöms 56 förföljande strategier förekomma, vilka indelas i sex större grupper. Det uppställs 11 hypoteser kring varför förföljande strategier används.
|
|
| 56. |
|
|
| 57. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael
(författare)
-
Unemployment, Employment Commitment and Well-being : The Psychosocial Meaning of (Un)employment among Women and Men
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to study the psychosocial meaning of (un)employment among women and men. This is mainly done by analysing employment commitment, or non-financial employment motivation, and mental well-being among a random sample of 3 500 Swedes that were interviewed in the beginning of 1996, when all were unemployed, and then again in the end of 1997, when the labour market situation varied. In general, the results from this study support the unemployment studies that have emphasised the importance of employment for the possibility to create and maintain a satisfactory life situation.
|
|
| 58. |
- Chinapah, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling the Relationship Between Values, Intentions and Behavior : A Simultaneous LISREL Analysis Over Time
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Translation of own norms and perception of parents' and friends' values into actual behaviour were studied in the context of the theory of reasoned action. A LISREL model based on this theory was constructed, and the fit and generalizability of the model tested across gender and time. The same norm questionnaire assessing adolescents' own values, their own intentions and actual behavior and perception of parents' and friends' was administered to two samples of approximately 15-year-old adolescents on two occasions (in 1969 and in 1995, in the same town). A LISREL model with an acceptabel fit was obtained, and its structural parameters indicated a strong relationship between adolescents' own evaluations, own intentions and actual behavior. The model was also tenable acorss gender and time. No significant differences were found between groups across gender and time with regard to the four parameters of the structural part of the model which indicate the relationships bwtween the latent variables.
|
|
| 59. |
- Dahlman-Giannias, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Samtalsminne : Vad händer med erinran efter sju dagar?
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att undersöka vad som sker med samtalsinformation vid erinran efter sju dagar. Totalt 20 st. parsamtal mellan högskolestuderande spelades in och vad som erinrades efter sju dagar jämfördes med innehållet i samtalen. Mindre än hälften av temana i samtalen erinrades och förvrängningar och falska tillägg förekom. Personerna erinrade sig mest från början av samtalen och ofta inget alls mot slutet. Även andra fenomen förekom.
|
|
| 60. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
-
Differences between severely conduct-disordered juvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study of personality traits
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 26:5, s. 827-845
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits among a group of 47 severely conduct-disordered (C-D) juvenile males from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offences were studied. The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I), including an impulsivity scale from the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) inventory, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS) form V, were administered to the C-D juveniles. The scores from the KSP for this group were compared to scores from a presentative group of 82 normal juvenile male subjects from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated between the KSP scales and scales from the EPQ-I, and between the SSS and scales from the EPQ-I and KSP inventories. The C-D juveniles displayed notably higher scores than the mean normal scores on psychopathy-related personality scales. The present results are consistent with earlier findings concerning personality dimensions in adult criminal psychopaths: high scores on impulsivity and sensation seeking, and low scores on conformity reflected in low socialization and high psychoticism.
|
|
