| 1. |
- Marklund, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Lead-free 22lr ammunition for sport shooting: A simple implementation or a huge challenge?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P. - : Sage Publications. - 1754-3371.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe it is approximated that around six million people are active in sport shooting. Currently, most bullets are manufactured out of lead which in many cases is combined with a copper jacket. There are several reasons for using lead; lead is relatively cheap, soft, and has a high density, and is therefore often the ideal material for bullets. Currently, the EU is seeking a restriction or ban on the use of lead in firearm bullets, with the main motivation that hunting with lead bullets might result in lead poisoning of both animals and people. The proposed lead ban will also have a major impact on sport shooting, as it is likely to be subjected to the same regulations. One caliber that has been shown to be very difficult to produce as a lead-free alternative is 22lr (long rifle), which today is the most common caliber for sport shooting in many disciplines. Today, there are not many scientific investigations available which show the performance of lead versus lead-free ammunition in caliber 22lr, even though it would make sense to investigate the possibilities of designing lead-free ammunition before a possible lead ban is further discussed. In this work the performance of two common lead-free 22lr-cartridges is evaluated and shown in comparison with existing lead-based ammunition, with a primary focus on sport shooting. Performance has been evaluated under both summer and winter conditions to cover different sports shooting disciplines. The results of this study clearly show the difficulty of finding lead-free 22lr cartridges with acceptable performance on the market today. In fact, the performance of the tested lead-free ammunition is so poor that the EU’s proposed lead ban could completely ruin shooting as a sport due to a lack of functioning ammunition.
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| 2. |
- Pettersson, Anders, 1946-
(författare)
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On Literary Meaning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neohelicon. - : Springer. - 0324-4652 .- 1588-2810. ; 49:1, s. 167-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Pettersson, Anders, 1946-
(författare)
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On the concept of world literature
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Literature Studies. - Bratislava : Slovak academy of Sciences. - 1337-9690 .- 1337-9275. ; 14:3, s. 12-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression “world literature” is currently being used in several ways: about various cul-turally and temporally inclusive bodies of literature and about various ways of studying such literature. In the article, special attention is devoted to the editorial concept of world literature in The Cambridge History of World Literature (2021), edited by Debjani Ganguly. Formula-tions about world literature sometimes cast it as a mind-independent entity, sometimes as a scholarly construction. It is argued that the choice between these alternatives is important, since it has significant consequences for the logic of thinking and reasoning about world literature.
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| 4. |
- Lakemond, Nicolette, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Transformation in Complex Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on engineering management. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9391 .- 1558-0040.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex systems increasingly include embedded digital technologies that interact with and are constrained by physical components and systems. Although these systems play a central role in our society, they have only been scarcely addressed in contemporary research on digital transformation and the organization of innovation. This article explores the digital transformation in complex products and systems and its consequences for organizational design. A longitudinal study of avionics development since the 1950s uncovers the application of digital technologies, first as a sequence of initial experiments, followed by the use as add-on functionality, then as an integral part of achieving critical functionality in systems, and currently combining add-on and critical functionalities enabling generativity. The findings emphasize the evolution of the intricate relationships between the systems architecture and organizational approaches when digital technology enables and enforces increased complexity, expanded functionality, increased systems integration, and continuous development. These nested dependencies are accentuated by the complexity that has emerged beyond human cognition, where increasingly sophisticated boundary objects based on modeling, simulation, and data play an important role in the organizations ability. Boundary objects relate and decouple the multifacetted dynamic relation between organization and architecture. The results also extend existing perspectives on platform strategies by outlining the importance of generativity in combination with criticality control, rather than market control. Criticality control in combination with generativity has become imperative not least as generative digital technologies have become central in achieving critical properties such as safety. Several avenues for further research are outlined.
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| 5. |
- Pettersson, Anders, 1946-
(författare)
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Reply to Wilkinson
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Society for Aesthetics Graduate E-Journal. - : American Society for Aesthetics. - 1946-1879. ; 13:1, s. 23-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Dicko, Cedric, et al.
(författare)
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NUrF-Optimization of in situ UV-vis and fluorescence and autonomous characterization techniques with small-angle neutron scattering instrumentation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 91:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have designed, built, and validated a (quasi)-simultaneous measurement platform called NUrF, which consists of neutron small-angle scattering, UV-visible, fluorescence, and densitometry techniques. In this contribution, we illustrate the concept and benefits of the NUrF setup combined with high-performance liquid chromatography pumps to automate the preparation and measurement of a mixture series of Brij35 nonionic surfactants with perfluorononanoic acid in the presence of a reporter fluorophore (pyrene).
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| 7. |
- Dittes, Nicholas J., 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Sensor for Water-Contaminated Grease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tribology Transactions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 63:5, s. 891-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple and inexpensive corrosion sensor has been manufactured to study the corrosion rate of new and water contaminated lubricating grease using a galvanic cell. The galvanic charge is developed between ENIG (electroless nickel immersion gold) and zinc, manufactured by selectively plating on a custom manufactured interdigitated PCB (printed circuit board). This paper shows the methodology in using this concept for any application which may require quantifying the corrosivity of a liquid or semisolid which could be applied to the surface of the sensor. Water contamination is a problem in many grease lubricated machine components, so a sensor concept was developed and a correlation between water content and the corrosion rate is shown. This method could be used to precisely study the corrosion rate of aged or contaminated lubricants and could potentially be used as a cheap and simple way to estimate water contamination of grease. To the knowledge of the authors, this sensor concept has not been used in industry or literature.
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| 8. |
- Dittes, Nicholas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Automated Dielectric Thermoscopy Characterization of Water Contaminated Grease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tribology Transactions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 62:5, s. 859-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine maintenance is important for improving machine uptime, reliability, and reducing costs. Grease is used in most rolling element bearings, and one common failure criterion is water contamination, so developing a sensor which can detect water content automatically without human input could be a useful endeavor. The temperature dependence on the dielectric properties of water-contaminated grease is investigated in this paper with computer logged instrumentation. This method has been termed Dielectric Thermoscopy (DT). Several off the shelf (two lithium, one lithium complex, and two calcium sulphonate complex) and one unadditivized lithium grease are tested with varying amounts of water contamination from 0% to approximately 5%. Another grease is tested with small increments of added water from 0% to 0.97% to test the resolution of the measurement. The purpose is to use the capacitance temperature slope (termed dielectric thermoscopy) to show correlations to the water content of the grease sample and investigate if any grease types will pose problems in the measurement. A small, custom made fringe field capacitance sensor with an integrated temperature sensor has been used for this characterization and data is logged automatically with laboratory equipment and a PC. A useable and positive correlation to water content and the DT measurement of roughly 0.5 pF per 10 °C and percentage of water is found, although it was found that some greases have different behavior than others.
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| 9. |
- Dittes, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Dielectric Thermoscopy Characterization of Water Contaminated Grease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tribology and Lubrication Technology. - : Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE). - 1545-858X. ; 61:3, s. 393-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temperature dependence on the dielectric properties of water-contaminated grease is investigated in this article. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the dielectric properties that could be measured to differentiate varying levels of water contamination in calcium sulfonate complex (CaS-X) grease with three different test cells with the purpose of eventually developing a grease condition sensor. Measuring the change in dielectric constant over a small temperature change yielded useful estimations of water content and amount of grease where the added water content ranged from 0.22% to about 5.5%. Additionally, other parameters such as incomplete fill/coverage of the sensors were investigated as a prestudy. The results from this set of experiments show that the measurement has potential to be developed into a condition monitoring sensor in the future.
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| 10. |
- Dittes, Nicholas, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Attenuation Characterization of Water Contaminated Lubricating Grease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tribology Transactions. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 61:4, s. 726-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water-contaminated grease samples are investigated with attenuation spectra in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions in this article. The purpose of this investigation was to identify a model with optical attenuation spectra such that the water content of grease samples could be characterized with a simple measurement setup using common methodology from the field of instrumental chemistry. The ratio between two chosen wavelengths of light appears to approximate the water content of grease samples with an acceptable coefficient of determination using a methodology to show what can potentially be done to develop condition monitoring tools. To illustrate the outlined method, a prestudy of grease aging and oxidation levels is also investigated to show that other variables do not significantly change the measurement.
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