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- Gummesson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Lithic Raw Material Economy in the Mesolithic : Experimental Test of Edged Tool Efficiency and Durability in Bone Tool Production
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lithic Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0197-7261 .- 2051-6185. ; 42:4, s. 140-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The foundation of this paper is lithic economy with a focus on the actual use of different lithic raw materials for tasks at hand. Our specific focus is on the production of bone tools during the Mesolithic. The lithic and osseous assemblages from Strandvägen, Motala, in east-central Sweden provide the archaeological background for the study. Based on a series of experiments we evaluate the efficiency and durability of different tool edges of five lithic raw materials: Cambrian flint, Cretaceous flint, mylonitic quartz, quartz, and porphyry, each used to whittle bone. The results show that flint is the most efficient of the raw materials assessed. Thus, a non-local raw material offers complements of functional characteristics for bone working compared to locally available quartz and mylonitic quartz. This finding provides a new insight into lithic raw material distribution in the region, specifically for bone tool production on site.
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- Knutsson, Helena, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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From flint to quartz : Organization of lithic technology in relation to raw material availability during the pioneer process of Scandinavia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 424, s. 32-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal technologies and intensified reduction are often seen as responces to increased mobility and low abundance of lithic raw material of good flakeability and controllability. In this paper we discuss an alternative explanation to this hypothesis using the change in tool raw material experienced by flint using pioneers as they had to go from a formal blade technology to a simple flake technology as they settled in Scandinavia. The region is dominated by quartz and we used use-wear data as a means to evaluate the role of this type of raw material compared to the use profile of flint assemblages in the home territories of the pioneers. Although the technology changed through simplification and loss of formal production rules due to the low workability of quartz, we conclude that changes in the foraging range into areas of bad quality tool raw materials, does not need formalization of the technology. The quartz in our sample was used for a wide variety of activities in every aspect comparable to the range of uses identified in the contemporaneous blade assemblages based on flint. Instead of formalization of the lithic technology to cope with bad quality raw materials, it was diversified and simplified but without interfering with the organisational dimensions and design criteria of the bone technology.
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- Knutsson, Helena, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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How shattered flakes were used : Micro-wear analysis of quartz flake fragments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238 .- 2352-409X. ; :2, s. 517-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prehistoric quartz assemblages have always posed a special problem for archaeologists. Due to its brittle nature, quartz is hard to understand within lithic classification systems that are based on formally varied flint assemblages. In this paper we explore ways to deal with this problem by applying two analytical methods, fracture analysis and use-wear analysis. A sample of 544 unmodified quartz flakes and flake fragments from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in Sweden and Finland was analysed. It can be concluded that both whole and fragmented flakes were used as tools. Larger flakes and flake fragments were preferred as tool blanks and the type of use was correlated to variation in edge qualities rather than the formal characteristics of flakes.The results of this investigation suggest that making behavioural inferences from quartz assemblages with low formal variability requires the assemblages to be approached with a focus on functional types.
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- Sørensen, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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The first eastern migrations of people and knowledge into Scandinavia : evidence from studies of Mesolithic technology, 9th-8th millennium BC
- 2013
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Ingår i: Norwegian Archaeological Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0029-3652 .- 1502-7678. ; 46:1, s. 19-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a team of Scandinavian researchers identifies and describes a Mesolithic technological concept, referred to as the conical core pressure blade' concept, and investigates how this concept spread intoFennoscandia and across Scandinavia. Using lithic technological, contextual archaeological and radiocarbon analyses, it is demonstrated that this blade concept arrived with post-Swiderian' hunter-gatherer groups from the Russian plain into northern Fennoscandia and the eastern Baltic during the 9th millennium bc. From there it was spread by migrating people and/or as transmitted knowledge through culture contacts into interior central Sweden, Norway and down along the Norwegian coast. However it was also spread intosouthern Scandinavia, where it was formerly identified as the Maglemosian technogroup 3 (or the Svaerdborg phase'). In this paper it is argued that theidentification and spread of the conical core pressure blade concept representsthe first migration of people, technology and ideas into Scandinavia from thesouth-eastern Baltic region and the Russian plain.
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- Knutsson, Kjel, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure and punched blades in non-flint materials. : Chaine Opératoire analysis of Middle Mesolithic Blade Assemblages from Central Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eight Conference of the Mesolithic in Europe, Santander, Spain 14-18 september 2010.. - Santander.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a Chaine Operatoire analysis of previously only preliminary discussed blade assemblages from Central Sweden is presented. The material derive mainly from a collection of stray finds in Dalecarlia and Hä'rjedalen, Central Sweden and consists of blade cores, blades and debitage in local raw materials such as tuff, metamorphous tuff, jasper, quartzite and porphyry. Three, possibly four different core treatment practices are defined and preliminary comparative analysis shows that the material has strong resemblances to Middle mesolithic blade assemblages from southern Norway, western Sweden and with Preboreal finds from northern Finland. It is hypothesised that a major part of the blade assemblage resepresents adaption to local raw materials as the first flint using pioneers settled this area as the Weichselian ice retreated during the Preboreal and early Boreal
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