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| 2. |
- Mosleh, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
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The burden of war-injury in the Palestinian health care sector in Gaza Strip
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC International Health and Human Rights. - : BMC. - 1472-698X. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: War-related injury is a major public health concern, and a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries such as Palestine. Little is known about the burden of war-related injury in the Palestinian context. The objective of this study was to characterize the incidence and pattern of injuries, associated with war in Gaza Strip, from July 8 to August 26, 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive study based on an injury registry at hospital facilities in the Gaza Strip. A total of 420 victims records from 2014 Gaza war injuries were randomly selected, proportionate to the size of the study population estimated across five Gaza governorates. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated to explore the frequency and percentage distribution of study variables and injury data. A chi-square test (X-2) was used. The significance level was derived at p < 0.05. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software, version 23.Results: Males (75.5%) have experienced more war-related injuries than females (24.5%), constituting a male: female ratio of 3.1: 1. Almost half (49.5%) of the injured victims were of the age group 20-39, followed by children and adolescents (< 20 years), accounting for 31.4%. More than half of victims were single (53.6%), 44.3% were married and the rest were widowed or divorced. The overall number of injuries was 6.4 per 1000 population, though it varied among regions. North Gaza reported the highest number of injuries (9.0) and Rafah the lowest (4.7) per 1000 population. Blast and explosion were found to be the most common causes of war injuries (72.9%). The highest proportion of injuries were reported in the upper body. Multiple body shrapnel wounds and burns (39.3%) were most frequent. Other types of injuries were multiple organ injury (24.3%), fractures (13.6%), internal organ injury and bleeding (9.8%), amputation (4.5%), abrasions / lacerations and contusions (4.8%), vision or hearing loss or both (1.9%) and respiratory problems (1.9%). The highest percentage of injuries were classified as mild (46.9%), and the rest ranged from moderate-to-severe. Almost 26% of individuals had sustained disability, and most of them had physical/motor impairment.Conclusion: War-related injuries constitute a major problem to public health discipline and clinical medicine as well. A better surveillance system using ICD codes, and development of a comprehensive electronic data network are necessary to make future research easier and more timely.
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- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of injuries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7, s. 487-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic burdens of injuries at the country level are unknown. In the current study we tried to explore the economic burden of DALYs loss due to injuries at the country level, then distributed according to the World Bank’s income groups. Methods: Data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization websites were used. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were used to estimate the economic loss for RTIs. Estimates of economic burdens were presented in tables and figures.Results: The total economic loss of the world during 2004 by means of DALYs due to injuries was 613. 144 billion USD, corresponding value of 848.205 billion USD in 2014. DALYs burden of injuries were concentrated (almost 75%) among low and lower middle income countries. Economic burdens of injuries were concentrated (over 80%) among higher middle and high income countries. Iraq had lost almost one-fifth of its GDP due to injuries. The USA had the highest amount of economic loss for injuries (169.136 billion USD) among all countries.Conclusion: Injuries are highly expensive and they account for heavy losses to GDP. Injury prevention should be prioritized in order to save such losses to life and economies.
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| 4. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Nepal : An Analysis through Individual, Empowerment, Family and Societal Level Factors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Health Sciences. - Hamadan, Iran : Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. - 1682-2765 .- 2228-7795 .- 2228-7809. ; 14:4, s. 251-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current study estimated the national prevalence rate of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Nepal. Besides, the individual level, empowerment level, family and societal level factors were assessed to relate with the victims of IPAVW in Nepal.METHODS: Nationally representative sample of 4210 women of reproductive age (15-49 yr) were included in the study. Household surveys using two stage sampling procedures, face to face interview with pre-tested questionnaires were performed. Emotional, physical and sexual violence were target variables. A violence variable was constructed from these three types of violence. Individual level factors were measured by age, residency, education, religion and husband's education. Empowerment factors included employment status and various decision making elements. Family and societal factors included economic status, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage index, history of family violence, husband's controlling behavior and other issues. Cross tabulation with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were employed.RESULTS: Prevalence of emotional IPVAW was 17.5%, physical IPAVW 23.4% and sexual IPAVW 14.7%. Overall the prevalence of IPVAW in Nepal was 32.4%. Joint decision making for contraception, husband's non-controlling behavior to wives and friendly feelings were emerged as less likely to be IPVAW perpetration.CONCLUSIONS: The findings have immense policy importance as a nationally representative study and indicating necessity of more gender equality.
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| 5. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Economics of global burden of road traffic injuries and their relationship with health system variables
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 4:12, s. 1442-1450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To estimate the economic loss due to road traffic injuries (RTIs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) member countries and to explore the relationship between the economic loss and relevant health system factors.METHODS: Data from the World Bank and the WHO were applied to set up the databases. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product per capita were used to estimate the economic loss relating to RTIs. Regression analysis was used. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics, Versions 20.0.RESULTS: In 2005, the total economic loss of RTIs was estimated to be 167,752.4 million United States Dollars. High income countries (HIC) showed the greatest economic losses. The majority (96%) of the top 25 countries with the greatest DALY losses are low and middle income countries while 48% of the top 25 countries with the highest economic losses are HIC. The linear regression model indicates an inverse relationship between nurse density in the health system and economic loss due to RTI.CONCLUSIONS: RTIs cause enormous death and DALYs loss in low-middle income countries and enormous economic loss in HIC. More road traffic prevention programs should be promoted in these areas to reduce both incidence and economic burden of RTIs.
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- Lee, Ming-Shinn, et al.
(författare)
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Cyber bullying prevention : intervention in Taiwan
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e64031-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of the cyber bullying prevention WebQuest course implementation.Methodology/Findings: The study adopted the quasi-experimental design with two classes made up of a total of 61 junior high school students of seventh grade. The study subjects comprised of 30 students from the experimental group and 31 students from the control group. The experimental group received eight sessions (total 360 minutes) of the teaching intervention for four consecutive weeks, while the control group did not engage in any related courses. The self-compiled questionnaire for the student's knowledge, attitudes, and intentions toward cyber bullying prevention was adopted. Data were analysed through generalized estimating equations to understand the immediate results on the student's knowledge, attitudes, and intentions after the intervention. The results show that the WebQuest course immediately and effectively enhanced the knowledge of cyber bullying, reduced the intentions, and retained the effects after the learning. But it produced no significant impact on the attitude toward cyber bullying.Conclusions/Significance: The intervention through this pilot study was effective and positive for cyber bulling prevention. It was with small number of students. Therefore, studies with large number of students and long experimental times, in different areas and countries are warranted.
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| 7. |
- Svanström, Leif
(författare)
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It all started in Falköping, Sweden : Safe Communities - global thinking and local action for safety
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-7300 .- 1745-7319. ; 19:3, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After constructing the Safe Community model and applying it in Falkoping Municipality, Sweden, a first step was taken to establish a Swedish network for knowledge exchange between Safe Communities. Falkoping was the first to be involved, and was then joined by Lidkoping and Motala. Later, there followed Harstad in Norway, and some communities in Australia. Criteria were developed to define the concept operationally. In 1986, collaboration was embarked upon with the World Health Organization, and since 1991 there have been annual conferences on Safe Communities. Many academic centres around the world are now involved. Certification of communities started in 1989, and 272 communities have now been designated as a Safe Community (20 February 2011). The regional organisations, especially the Asian and European networks, embrace more than half of the designated communities. A global organisation has been considered, but the strength of the movement lies in local engagement and regional networking.
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| 8. |
- Svanström, Leif
(författare)
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Professional autobiography of Professor Leif Svanström - with a focus on injury prevention and safety promotion
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-7300 .- 1745-7319. ; 19:3, s. 198-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professor Svanstrom has spent about forty-five years in the field of Social Medicine and Health and Safety Promotion. His main lines of research and teaching are Injury Epidemiology and Safety Promotion. In the 1960s, he conducted a number of descriptive and analytical studies, and in the 1970s began to address home and occupational injuries. In 1974, he introduced the community approach to safety promotion, encapsulated in the Falköping Model, which has heavily influenced Swedish and international community safety work. Under his leadership of the Research Group on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, more than 30 doctorates have been awarded. His work as Head of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion has led to the establishment of Safe Communities worldwide.
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| 9. |
- Zacarias, Antonio Eugenio, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate partner violence against women in Maputo city, Mozambique
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC International Health and Human Rights. - 1472-698X. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere is limited research about IPV against women and associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa, not least Mozambique. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence, severity, chronicity and "predictors" of IPV against women in Maputo City (Mozambique).MethodsData were collected during a 12 month-period (consecutive cases, with each woman seen only once) from 1,442 women aged 15--49 years old seeking help for abuse by an intimate partner at the Forensic Services at the Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo City, Mozambique. Interviews were conducted by trained female interviewers, and data collected included demographics and lifestyle variables, violence (using the previously validated Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and control (using the Controlling Behaviour Scale Revised (CBS-R). The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate methods.ResultsThe overall experienced IPV during the past 12 months across severity (one or more types, minor and severe) was 70.2% (chronicity, 85.8 +/- 120.9).a Severe IPV varied between 26.3-45.9% and chronicity between 3.1 +/- 9.1-12.8 +/- 26.9, depending on IPV type. Severity and chronicity figures were higher in psychological aggression than in the other IPV types. Further, 26.8% (chronicity, 55.3 +/- 117.6) of women experienced all IPV types across severity. The experience of other composite IPV types across severity (4 combinations of 3 types of IPV) varied between 27.1-42.6% and chronicity between 35.7 +/- 80.3-64.9 +/- 110.9, depending on the type of combination. The combination psychological aggression, physical assault and sexual coercion had the highest figures compared with the other combinations.. The multiple regressions showed that controlling behaviours, own perpetration and co-occurring victimization were more important in "explaining" the experience of IPV than other variables (e.g. abuse as a child).ConclusionsIn our study, controlling behaviours over/by partner, own perpetration, co-occurring victimization and childhood abuse were more important factors in "explaining" sustained IPV. More investigation into women's IPV exposure and its "predictors" is warranted in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mozambique.
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| 10. |
- Zacarias, Antonio Eugenio, et al.
(författare)
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Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization in female victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence in Maputo City, Mozambique
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Women's Health. - 1179-1411. ; 4, s. 491-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little knowledge exists in Mozambique and sub-Saharan Africa about the mental health (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization) of women victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) by type of abuse (psychological aggression, physical assault without/with injury, and sexual coercion). This study scrutinizes factors associated with mental health among women victims and perpetrators of IPV over the 12 months prior to the study.Methods and materials: Mental health data were analyzed with bivariate and multiple regression methods for 1442 women aged 15–49 years who contacted Forensic Services at Maputo Central Hospital (Maputo City, Mozambique) for IPV victimization between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2008.Results: In bivariate analyses, victims and perpetrators of IPVs scored higher on symptoms of mental health than their unaffected counterparts. Multiple regressions revealed that controlling behaviors, mental health comorbidity, social support, smoking, childhood abuse, sleep difficulties, age, and lack of education were more important in explaining symptoms of mental health than demographics/socioeconomics or life-style factors. Victimization and perpetration across all types of IPV were not associated with symptoms of mental health.Conclusion: In our sample, victimization and perpetration were not important factors in explaining mental ill health, contrary to previous findings. More research into the relationship between women’s IPV victimization and perpetration and mental health is warranted as well as the influence of controlling behaviors on mental health.
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