| 1. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Across Retirement Transition as a Predictor of Self-Rated Health
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - 1543-3080.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Retirement transition has shown to associate with changes in physical activity (PA) and self-rated health (SRH), but their interrelationship is less studied. The aim was to investigate changes in accelerometer measured total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary time across retirement transition as a predictor of self-rated health. Methods: Data from the Swedish Retirement Study and the Finnish Retirement and Aging study was harmonized and pooled. Data from three waves (about 12 months apart) was included: one pre-retirement (wave 1) and two post-retirement follow-ups (wave 2-3). Totally 245 participants (27% men) were included. Thigh-worn accelerometers were used to collect data for PA variables (wave 1-2), and SRH was obtained from the questionnaire (wave 1-3). Results: Between wave 1 and 2, total PA decreased with 11 (CI:-22;-1) minutes per day, MVPA was stable (0 [CI:-3;3] min), and sedentary time decreased non-significantly with 9 (CI:-20;1) minutes. SRH changed between all three waves (all, p<0.001). At pre-retirement, 10 more minutes of MVPA was associated with greater odds of better SRH when adjusting for accelerometer wear-time, cohort, sex and age, and occupational status (OR:1.11 (95%CI:1.02-1.22)). This association was no longer statistically significant when additionally adjusting for marital status, BMI, and smoking. No significant associations were observed between changes in the PA variables during retirement transition, and SRH at post-retirement follow-ups. Conclusion: This study showed a cross-sectional association between MVPA and greater odds of reporting better SRH before retirement. No longitudinal associations were observed between changes in the PA variables from before to after retirement and later change in SRH
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| 2. |
- Qvarfordt, Mikaela, Doktorand, 1979-
(författare)
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Environmental exposures, body composition and pulmonary function : How can we improve diagnostics?
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pulmonary diseases are influenced by numerous factors such as lifestyle, environment, genetics, and adipose tissue. A common factor for these diseases is that early and accurate diagnosis is beneficial for effective treatment. The improvement and development of diagnostic tools, including nanotechnology, offers the potential for more reliable diagnosis.The main aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of respiratory assessment through a comprehensive approach. This approach included studying the effectiveness of training and feedback in conducting spirometry tests to accepted diagnostic standard (paper I). Evaluating the association of body impedance analysis (BIA) and waist circumference in assessing the decline in lung function induced by excessive adipose tissue (paper II) and investigating the effects of weight change on lung function (paper III). In addition, the thesis investigated the potential of inhaled nano particles in individuals with impaired lung epithelium as a possible new diagnostic method (paper IV). Overall, these studies aimed to improve lung function diagnostics to make them more reliable, accessible and to advance the development of cutting-edge technological methods.Our results show that the use of structured on-line feedback improve the quality of spirometry and that there is a potential gender differences in the effects of excess adipose tissue on lung function. Data also demonstrated a difference in clearance of inhaled nanoparticles between healthy and patients with impaired alveolar integrity, opening the possibility for new diagnostic approaches.
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| 3. |
- Åström Paulsson, Sofia, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Procurement and implementation processes for Occupational Health Services in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer. - 1432-1246.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study investigates how contracts with OHS-providers in Sweden are established and implemented to explore i) the procurement process ii) contractual terms and conditions and iii) processes for implementing and evaluating the services provided.Methods: Review and analysis of 17 OHS contracts using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Follow-up interviews were conducted with Human Resource managers, management, health and safety representatives and OHS professionals.Results: Contracts with OHS providers were mainly drawn up by HR departments. First-line managers or health and safety representatives were not involved. The contracts were not integrated with the companies’ occupational health and safety management. The organisations lacked knowledge on when or why to use services from their OHS provider, which promoted reactive rather than preventive interventions. Terms and conditions of contracts were found to be quite irrelevant to what services that were actually utilised.Conclusions: Important factors in creating conditions for a more preventive and group-oriented use of OHS expertise could be 1) the inclusion of first-line managers and health and safety representatives in needs analysis and implementation processes, 2) the definition of relevant, achievable and measurable goals regarding the collaboration and 3) the arrangement of regularly meetings with the OHS-provider.
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| 4. |
- Aili, Katarina, PhD, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Active engagement of managers in employee RTW and manager-employee relationship : managers’ experiences of participating in a dialogue using the Demand and Ability Protocol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 45:26, s. 4394-4403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe how managers of employees on sick-leave, due to chronic pain conditions, experience participating in a three-party meeting using the Demand and Ability Protocol (DAP) in the return-to-work process.Materials and methods: This study is based on individual semi-structured interviews with 17 managers of employees with chronic pain. Interviews were conducted after participating in a three-party meeting including the employee, manager, and a representative from the rehabilitation team. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.Results: Two main themes were identified–“to converse with a clear structure and setup” and “to be involved in the employee’s rehabilitation.” The first theme describe experiences from the conversation, and the second theme reflected the managers’ insights when being involved in the employee’s rehabilitation. The themes comprise 11 sub-themes describing how the DAP conversation and the manager′s involvement in the rehabilitation may influence the manager, the manager-employee relationship, and the organization.Conclusions: This study show, from a manager's perspective, how having a dialogue with a clear structure and an active involvement in the employee’s rehabilitation may be beneficial for the manager-employee relationship. Insights from participating in the DAP may also be beneficial for the organization.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION* A structured dialogue between the employee, employer, and rehabilitation supports the return to work (RTW) process* A structured dialogue and collaboration may strengthen the relationship between the manager and employee* An active engagement of managers in the employeès RTW process is beneficial for the manager-employee relationship, and for the organisation* Healthcare professionals should collaborate with the workplace to promote participation of managers. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 5. |
- Eliasson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Does occupational health surveillance lead to risk reduction for workers exposed to hand-intensive work?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This mixed method study aimed to describe what risk-reducing actions were proposed by ergonomists after the execution of a guided process for occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to hand-intensive work in ten companies. Another aim was to describe the exposed workers' proposals for risk-reducing actions, including their perceptions of potential changes in the self-assessed exposure levels and work-related pain. Several actions, targeting organizational, technical, and/or individual measures were proposed. Proposals from the ergonomists more often targeted the personal measures, whereas the workers' proposals targeted technology or organizational changes. Six companies implemented at least one of the action proposals. These action proposals were not related to evaluation metrics, nor were they evaluated. This study indicates that both ergonomists and companies need guidance on how to improve to work in a participatory process for the implementation and evaluation of risk-reducing actions, e.g., by how to better include workers’ experiences.
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| 6. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Earnings among Immigrants, and the Role of Health Status for Self-Sufficiency : A 10-Year Follow-Up Study of Labour Immigrants and Refugees to Sweden 2000–2006
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate economic self-sufficiency for immigrants, and how health status affected self-sufficiency. The proportion of self-sufficiency during years 1–10 after receiving a residence permit is presented for all non-European labour immigrants (n = 1259) and refugees (n = 23,859), aged 18–54, who immigrated to Sweden 2000–2006, and compared to a control group of Swedish-born (n = 144,745). The risk of not being self-sufficient in year 10 was analysed with Cox regression models, and the results are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, the impact on the self-sufficiency of having a diagnosis from specialised health care during the first five years in Sweden was analysed. The results showed that half of the refugees and three-quarters of the labour immigrants were self-sufficient 10 years after residency. The adjusted risk of not being self-sufficient at year 10 was 80% higher among labour immigrants (HR = 1.8; CI = 1.6–2.0) and more than two-fold among refugees (HR = 2.7; CI = 2.6–2.8) compared to the Swedish-born. Having a diagnosis from specialised health care during the first five years in Sweden had an impact on self-sufficiency in all groups; however, the impact of having a diagnosis did not differ between refugees and Swedish-born. Measures must be taken to increase immigrants’ work participation.
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| 7. |
- Hogstedt, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stability in obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior in the general population : a longitudinal study in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:6, s. 574-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior and their related disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) commonly occur in the general population. Clinical populations indicate a high level of stability, although there are few longitudinal studies in the general population. The recommended drug treatments are SSRIs/TCAs. However, there are few long-term follow up studies. The goal of this study was to 1) examine the occurrence and stability of obsessions, compulsions, and OCD in a longitudinal population-based survey, 2) investigate the use of SSRI and TCA and the potential effect on symptoms.Methods A ten-year longitudinal general population in Stockholm was used (2000 and 2010, n = 5650) Obsessional washing, checking, intrusive unpleasant thoughts and the level of suffering due to these symptoms were measured by self-report. Information on use of SSRIs and TCAs by these individuals was obtained from registers. Stability was examined using contingency tables and multinomial logistic regression.Results At baseline, 2.1, 11.7 and 11.9% reported obsessional washing, checking and intrusive thoughts. A total of 5% reported considerable suffering from these (i.e. OCD). Based on psychiatric interview only 0.4% had OCD. Ten years later a quarter of OCD cases were still classified as having OCD, one quarter reported any obsessive or compulsive symptom and half were classified as symptom-free. Treatment receipt was low and controlling for medication did not change the stability.Conclusion Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior are common and stable. While this group is potentially undertreated, there is no indication that those treated display a different pattern of recovery.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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How to strengthen the RTW process and collaboration between patients with chronic pain and their employers in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs? : Patients' experiences of the Demand and Ability Protocol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 45:12, s. 2013-2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo explore how patients who participate in an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) experience a three-party meeting based on the Demand and Ability Protocol (DAP) to assist in return to work (RTW). The DAP is a employee and his/her immediate manager under the guidance of medical staff with knowledge of the patient’s work requirements and his/her current functional ability.Materials and methodsData included 18 semi structured individual interviews with persons having chronic pain, who participated in a DAP-dialogue during their IPRP. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsFour themes were identified: A structured dialogue facilitated new insights; the dialogue enabled employer participation; the facilitator enabled experiences of feeling safe during the dialogue; and the dialogue created a link between rehabilitation and work.ConclusionsThe DAP dialogue was experienced as a supportive measure for RTW where the employer naturally participated in IPRP. The structure of the dialogue supported concrete planning for workplace adaptations. Furthermore, the dialogue enabled a connection between rehabilitation and the activity of work in everyday life. The results reinforce the importance of including efforts close to the workplace in IPRP in order to facilitate rehabilitation outcomes related to RTW.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and performance of a sleep estimation algorithm using a single accelerometer placed on the thigh : an evaluation against polysomnography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 32:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accelerometers placed on the thigh provide accurate measures of daily physical activity types, postures and sedentary behaviours, over 24 h and across consecutive days. However, the ability to estimate sleep duration or quality from thigh-worn accelerometers is uncertain and has not been evaluated in comparison with the 'gold-standard' measurement of sleep polysomnography. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for sleep estimation using the raw data from a thigh-worn accelerometer and to evaluate it in comparison with polysomnography. The algorithm was developed and optimised on a dataset consisting of 23 single-night polysomnography recordings, collected in a laboratory, from 15 asymptomatic adults. This optimised algorithm was then applied to a separate evaluation dataset, in which, 71 adult males (mean [SD] age 57 [11] years, height 181 [6] cm, weight 82 [13] kg) wore ambulatory polysomnography equipment and a thigh-worn accelerometer, simultaneously, whilst sleeping at home. Compared with polysomnography, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.55 when estimating sleep periods. Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 min (130 min, Limits of Agreement Range [LoAR]). Total sleep time was underestimated by 32 min (233 min LoAR). Our results evaluate the performance of a new algorithm for estimating sleep and outline the limitations. Based on these results, we conclude that a single device can provide estimates of the sleep interval and total sleep time with sufficient accuracy for the measurement of daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, on a group level in free-living settings.
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| 10. |
- Kisiel, Marta A., 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Airspace Dimension Assessment for early detection of lung function impairment in the peripheral airways of firefighters
- 2023
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Firefighters have increased risk of chronic respiratory disease. Standard clinical techniques used in medical checkups may not detect the earliest microstructural changes in peripheral airways. A new technique called Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) has been shown to enable early detection of emphysema in COPD. This method may be useful in the occupational setting to detect early pulmonary changes and enable prevention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether AiDA detects changes in the most peripheral airways of firefighters.Methods AiDA, measuring the effective airspace radius (rAiDA) and zero-second recovery (R0), was used as a complement to other standardised lung function measures in 21 male firefighters and 16 age-matched male controls.Results There were significant differences in rAiDA and R0 between firefighters (mean±sd rAiDA 0.301±0.024 mm; mean±sd R0 0.336±0.116 arbitrary units) and controls (mean±sd rAiDA 0.276±0.044 mm; mean±sd R0 0.5760.168 arbitrary units), p=0.03 and p<0.001, respectively. Higher forced vital capacity was found in firefighters (mean 101% of predicted) than in controls (mean 93% of predicted; p=0.03). No significant differences were found with regard to either the ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity or forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The majority of firefighters had diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, oscillometry and single-breath nitrogen washout values within the normal ranges.Conclusion AiDA parameters can provide information on early pulmonary peripheral changes that may not be seen with standard techniques used in screening of pulmonary function.
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