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| 2. |
- Han, Hongya, et al.
(författare)
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Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation
- 2017
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:2, s. 491-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DCs) involved in proinflammatory immune responses derive mainly from peripheral monocytes, and the cells subsequently mature and migrate into the inflammatory micromilieu. Here we report that suppressing of 15-lipoxygenase-1 led to a substantial reduction in DC spreading and podosome formation in vitro. The surface expression of CD83 was significantly lower in both sh-15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1)-transduced cells and DCs cultivated in the presence of a novel specific 15-LOX-1 inhibitor. The T-cell response against tetanus-pulsed DCs was only affected to a minor extent on inhibition of 15-LOX-1. In contrast, endocytosis and migration ability of DCs were significantly suppressed on 15-LOX-1 inhibition. The expression of 15-LOX-1 in DCs was also demonstrated in affected human skin in atopic and contact dermatitis, showing that the enzyme is indeed expressed in inflammatory diseases in vivo. This study demonstrated that inhibiting 15-LOX-1 led to an impaired podosome formation in DCs, and consequently suppressed antigen uptake and migration capacity. These results indicated that 15-LOX-1 is a potential target for inhibiting the trafficking of DCs to lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues and decreasing the inflammatory response attenuating symptoms of certain immunologic and inflammatory disorders such as dermatitis.-Han, H., Liang, X., Ekberg, M., Kritikou, J. S., Brunnstro " m, angstrom., Pelcman, B., Matl, M., Miao, X., Andersson, M., Yuan, X., Schain, F., Parvin, S., Melin, E., Sjoberg, J., Xu, D., Westerberg, L. S., Bjorkholm, M., Claesson, H.- E. Human 15-lipoxygenase- 1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation.
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| 3. |
- Valetti, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Clofazimine encapsulation in nanoporous silica particles for the oral treatment of antibiotic resistant M. tuberculosis infections
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: First extensive reformulation of clofazimine (CLZ) in nanoporous silica particles (NSPs) for tackling antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis (TB) infections. Materials & methods: Solid-state characterization of several CLZ-encapsulated NSP formulations was followed by in vitro drug solubility, Caco-2 intestinal cells drug permeability and TB antibacterial activity. Results: NSPs stabilize the amorphous state of CLZ (shelf stability >6 months) and dramatically increase the drug solubility in simulated gastric fluid (up to 20-fold) with different dissolution kinetics depending on the NSPs used. CLZ encapsulation in NSP substantially enhances the permeation through model intestinal cell layer, achieving effective antimicrobial concentrations in TB-infected macrophages. Conclusion: Promising results toward refurbishment of an approved marketed drug for a different indication suitable for oral anti-TB formulation.
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| 4. |
- Sjödahl Hammarlund, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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The significance of walking from the perspective of people with Parkinson's disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1877-7171 .- 1877-718X. ; 4:4, s. 657-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with progressive mobility and walking difficulties. Although these aspects have been found to be central from a patient perspective, the perceived significance of walking is less well understood. Objective: To explore the significance of walking as perceived and experienced by individuals with PD. Methods: Eleven persons with PD (seven men; median age, 71 years; median PD duration, 7 years) participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were qualitatively analysed by systematic text condensation. Results: The ability to walk had a complex and multifaceted impact on the participants, including physical, psychological and emotional aspects as well as on the ability to be active in daily life and to participate in society. The central role of coping strategies was prominent in filtering emotional reactions to physical changes, and when managing the activities and participation in everyday situations. The sense of unpredictability, uncertainty and loss of control were underlying phenomena in all categories. Furthermore, inability to manage walking difficulties had a negative impact on the participants' self-concept. Conclusions: The central meaning of being able to walk appears to be intimately linked to an individual's social identity, emotional well-being and integrity. Consequently, being able to walk independently was a prerequisite to an autonomous life and participation in society. This implies that rehabilitation and other mobility interventions also need to consider individual emotional, psychological, and social implications, and to facilitate appropriate compensatory and coping strategies.
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| 5. |
- Steneholm, K., et al.
(författare)
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Removal of hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur from tool steel during vacuum degassing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 40:3, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The removal of hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur during vacuum degassing of a tool steel grade was studied. Both slag and steel samples were collected before and after vacuum treatment for 10 heats. From these, the chemical compositions of steel and slag were determined. Thereafter, the removal rates of sulphur, hydrogen and nitrogen were calculated. For sulphur and hydrogen only first order reaction models were considered. However, for nitrogen both first order and second order kinetic models were studied. The results showed that the removal of hydrogen and nitrogen can be described with first order reaction models. However, the removal rate of sulphur follows the equilibrium sulphur content at all stages during the vacuum degassing. It is also clear that after 10 min of degassing the hydrogen and nitrogen removal is more or less finished for the studied steel grade. However, the sulphur refining can still be carried out for longer times to reach lower values.
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| 6. |
- Mostafaee, Saman, et al.
(författare)
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Computational thermodynamics as a tool to study the microstructural evolution of EAF duplex stainless steelmaking slags
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 39:1, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computational thermodynamics was used as a tool to study and determine the microstructural evolution of the electrical arc furnace (EAF) slag during and at the end of the refining period in the production of duplex stainless steel. At all the process stages, the slag contains magnesiochromite spinels. Before FeSi addition to the furnace, the slag can also contain calcium chromite crystals. After FeSi addition, the amount of magnesiochromite spinels decreases considerably from similar to 15 to similar to 6 wt-%. In addition, dependent on the basicity and the temperature, the slag may contain solid dicalcium silicate. More specifically, during the refining stage of the EAF duplex steelmaking process, a slag basicity of > 1.55 leads to the precipitation of the dicalcium silicate phase. It has been shown that computational thermodynamics can be used as a powerful and relative reliable tool to study the slag (or slag/steel) equilibriums for different stainless steelmaking processes.
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| 7. |
- Ferm, Ulrika, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Parents and course leaders’ experiences of the ComAlong augmentative and alternative communication
- 2011
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Ingår i: Disability Studies Quaterly. - 1041-5718. ; 31:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate parents and course leaders' experiences of the ComAlong early intervention course; a parental course about communication, communication development, play, responsive communication strategies and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). ComAlong targets parents of pre-school children with extensive communication difficulties and, at times, additional disabilities. Data consisted of course evaluation surveys filled out by 86 parents (57 mothers and 29 fathers) and one grandmother and interviews of four parents and four course leaders. Overall, parents were positive about the course. This was shown in ratings of 21 statements, in written answers to seven open questions and in the interviews. The total mean value for all statements was 4.4 (max 5) and the median was 4 or 5. The means for the 20 statements varied between 3.9 and 4.8 and half of all statements had mean values of 4.5 or higher. The mean value for the course (parents' rating of the course on a 1 to 10 scale where 10 was the best) was 8.5 (Mdn and mode = 8, SD = 1.1). On the whole, parents and course leaders were satisfied. Parents learned about communication and AAC and experienced that communication with the child had changed to the better. In particular, parents appreciated meeting respectful and competent course leaders and other parents to children with varying disabilities. Information about the course before it started was a problematic issue. These and other findings are discussed with regard to early intervention for parents of children who use augmentative and alternative communication.
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| 8. |
- Kojola, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot plant study of nozzle clogging mechanisms during casting of REM treated stainless steels
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 38:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pilot scale bottom teemed high frequency furnace with a nominal capacity of 600 kg and an adjustable nozzle temperature was used to study clogging of rare earth metal (REM) treated stainless steels. The influence of the following variables on the clogging was studied: amount of REM, fraction of oxide clusters, total oxygen content in the steel, reoxidation, aluminium additions before REM additions and silicon additions during casting. Overall, the results show that, during the present experimental conditions, mainly two typical clogging rates could be identified, fast and slow clogging. Two main differences could be detected between the fast and slow clogging rates. Steel containing mainly small single inclusions clogged faster than steel containing mainly large inclusion clusters. The reason was believed to be that the small inclusions could stick to the nozzle wall at narrow passages where the steel flow velocity was high while the larger ones could not. The source of the small inclusions was believed to be reoxidation. It was also found that the main part of the nozzle accretion was caused by agglomeration of inclusions and inclusion clusters, while only a thin oxide film along the nozzle wall was caused by oxide precipitation at the nozzle wall.
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| 9. |
- Mostafaee, Saman, 1977-
(författare)
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A Study of EAF High-Chromium Stainless Steelmaking Slags Characteristics and Foamability
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A good slag practice is essential for production of a high-quality stainless steel. In addition, the electrical and material efficiency of the electric arc furnace (EAF) can considerably be improved by a good slag practice. The metallurgical properties of the slag are strongly influenced by its high-temperature microstructure. Thus, characterization of the phases within the EAF slag as well as the determination of the amount of these phases is of high importance.In addition, the knowledge about the chemical composition of the liquid slag and solid phases at the process temperatures is instrumental in developing a good slag practice.In order to study the slag in EAF high-chromium stainless steelmaking, slag samples were collected from 14 heats of AISI 304L steel (two samples per heat) and 7 heats of duplex steel (three samples per heat).The selected slag samples were petrographically studied both using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and light optical microscopy (LOM). In some cases, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were also performed. Moreover, computational thermodynamics was used to determine the equilibrium phases in the EAF steelmaking slags at the process temperatures. In addition, parameter studies were performed on the factors influencing the equilibria.More specifically, a petrographical and thermodynamic characterization was performed on the EAF austenitic steelmaking slags. Thereafter, the microstructural evolution of the slag during the EAF duplex steelmaking process was investigated. Moreover, an investigation with focus on the total amount of precipitates within the high-chromium stainless steelmaking slags was done. Finally, the foamability of these slags was quantified and evaluated.The petrographic investigations showed that, during the refining stage, in both austenitic and duplex cases, the main constituent of the EAF slag is a melt consisting of liquid oxides. In addition, the slag samples contain solid spinel particles. However, before ferrosilicon-addition (FeSi), the slag may also contain solid stoichiometric calcium chromite. Moreover, depending on the slag basicity, the slag may contain solid dicalcium silicate at the process temperatures.The evolution of the slag during the refining stage of the EAF was graphically illustrated in the calculated isothermal phase diagrams for the slag system Al2O3-Cr2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2-TiO2.It was found that the only critical parameter affecting the amount of solid spinel particles in the slag is the chromium-oxide content. More specifically, it was shown that the amount of the spinel particles in the slag increases with an increased chromium-oxide content of the slag. It wasvialso shown that a higher basicity and a lower temperature of the slag contribute to the dicalcium silicate precipitation.In order to evaluate and quantify the foamability of the slags, the slag’s physical properties influencing its foaming index were determined. Computational thermodynamics was used as a tool to calculate the weight fractions of the solid phases within the slag at different EAF process stages. The computational thermophysics was used to estimate the viscosity of the liquid part of the slag samples at the process temperatures. The apparent viscosity of the samples was calculated by combining the above results. By estimating the density, surface tension and the foaming-gas bubble size, the foaming index of the slag samples were quantified. It could be shown that the foaming index of the EAF high-chromium stainless steelmaking slag may be on its minimum as the slag’s basicity takes a value in the range of 1.2 – 1.5. A basicity value of around 1.50 – 1.60 can be suitable for enhancing the foaming index of the slag, during the refining period in EAF high-chromium stainless steelmaking.
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