| 1. |
- Aman, Robert, 1982-
(författare)
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Impossible Interculturality? : Education and the Colonial Difference in a Multicultural World
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increasing number of educational policies, academic studies, and university courses today propagate ‘interculturality’ as a method for approaching ‘the Other’ and reconciling universal values and cultural specificities. Based on a thorough discussion of Europe’s colonial past and the hierarchies of knowledge that colonialism established, this dissertation interrogates the definitions of intercultural knowledge put forth by EU policy discourse, academic textbooks on interculturality, and students who have completed a university course on the subject. Taking a decolonial approach that makes its central concern the ways in which differences are formed and sustained through references to cultural identities, this study shows that interculturality, as defined in these texts, runs the risk of affirming a singular European outlook on the world, and of elevating this outlook into a universal law. Contrary to its selfproclaimed goal of learning from the Other, interculturality may in fact contribute to the repression of the Other by silencing those who are already muted. The dissertation suggests an alternative definition of interculturality, which is not framed in terms of cultural differences but in terms of colonial difference. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of the Latin American concept of interculturalidad, which derives from the struggles for public and political recognition among indigenous social movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. By bringing interculturalidad into the picture, with its roots in the particular and with strong reverberations of the historical experience of colonialism, this study explores the possibility of decentring the discourse of interculturality and its Eurocentric outlook. In this way, the dissertation argues that an emancipation from colonial legacies requires that we start seeing interculturality as inter-epistemic rather than simply inter-cultural.
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| 2. |
- Aminoff, Christina, 1966-
(författare)
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Skriftspråkliga handlingar i förskoleklass och årskurs 1
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna avhandling handlar om skriftspråklighet i förskoleklass och årskurs 1. Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med kunskap om skriftspråkliga handlingar i förskoleklass och årskurs 1 och i övergången mellan de två skolformerna. I avhandlingen ingår tre förskoleklasser och fem klasser i årskurs 1. Det empiriska materialet består av observationer, fältanteckningar, stillbilder och informella samtal. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys, begrepp från tidigare forskning samt begrepp från avhandlingens teoretiska utgångspunkt, det sociokulturella perspektivet. Materialet har även analyserats med inspiration från Luke och Freebodys (1997, 1999) resursmodell. Resultatet visar att när läraren och barnen arbetar med läsande och skrivande är ofta språkets form, funktion och innehåll åtskilda från varandra. Det är en bild som framträder i arbetet med exempelvis skriftens kod. Träning av kodningsfärdigheter kopplas inte till ett funktionellt läsande och skrivande, utan sker i isolerade aktiviteter. I övergången mellan skolformerna upprepas skriftspråkligt innehåll, exempelvis kan barnen göra samma eller liknande ljudanalytiska övningar i årskurs 1 som de arbetat med i förskoleklass. Det innebär att de barn som redan behärskar det som ska läras i en övning inte möts utifrån sina kunskaper och erfarenheter.
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| 3. |
- Hallin, Nathalie, 1990-
(författare)
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Perceptions of and behaviour toward religious people and atheists in Sweden and the USA
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Religiosity has been present in societies throughout history and several theories hold that religion serves to foster trust and a sense of community within the religious ingroup. In many societies today, it is not uncommon to lack religious beliefs and religion is no longer a natural part of everyday life. The studies included in this thesis investigated how religious groups perceive each other or how generous they are to each other, both in the more secular Sweden and in the more religious USA. Paper 1 examined Swedes’ perceptions of atheists and religious people. Specifically, how often they associated atheists or religious people with extreme immoral behaviour by making a conjunction error. Previous studies using the same methodological paradigm have found that more people associate atheists, rather than religious people, with immoral behaviour. We found no significant association between target (atheist or religious person) and conjunction errors, indicating that Swedes do not associate immoral behaviour with atheists to a greater degree than they associate immoral behaviour with religious people. We compared the results to those presented in a previous study and found that the Swedish participants in our study made significantly fewer conjunction errors when the target was an atheist than a sample from the USA. They also made significantly more conjunction errors when the target was a religious person than a Finnish sample and the American sample. The results suggests that anti-atheist bias is lower in Sweden compared to the USA, but anti-religious bias is higher than in both Finland and the USA. However, it is also possible that the type of sample used affected the results – we recruited participants from social media while the other two samples were solely or mainly student samples. The study shows that the clear anti-atheist bias found in similar studies is not universal. Paper 2 investigated Christians’ and atheists’ perceptions of Christian, Muslim, and atheist job applicants in four studies, two with Swedish samples (studies 1 and 3) and two with samples from the USA (studies 2 and 4). Participants rated the perceived competence and likeability of a target applicant (Christian, Muslim, or atheist) and a control applicant (with no information about religious affiliation). In the last two studies, participants also specified if they would have hired the target or control applicant. Participants generally rated the control applicant as being more competent (USA) and more likeable (Sweden and USA) than the target applicant. Both Christian and atheist participants rated targets with the same religious affiliation higher in likeability than targets from one or both religious outgroups in two of the studies. The only significant difference in competence ratings between the targets were in study 3, where Christians rated Muslims as less competent than Christians. However, Christians’ likeability ratings in study 3 did not differ between targets. More atheists in study 3 hired the control applicant than the Christian applicant, but no other group differed in which applicant they hired. In conclusion, when people perceived one religious group to be more likeable, it was their ingroup. However, these results do not translate to perceptions of competence and seldom to hiring decisions. Paper 3 investigated generosity toward religious ingroup and outgroup members in three studies conducted in Sweden (study 1), the USA (study 2), and Egypt and Lebanon (study 3), using an adapted Dictator Game. Participants allocated a sum of money between themselves and three potential recipients. In the most relevant round, these were a Christian, a Muslim, and an atheist. We found that in studies 1 and 2, there was no significant difference in overall generosity between religious people, agnostics, and atheists in the rounds where they did not know the religious affiliation of the recipients. In the round where they knew the affiliation of recipients, religious people gave significantly more than atheists (studies 1 and 2) and agnostics (study 2). Study 3 had too few agnostics and atheists to compare their generosity to that of religious people. Christians, Muslims, and atheists in all three studies gave significantly more money to their respective religious ingroups than to the outgroup that was given the largest amount. This ingroup generosity was found in the other rounds as well. However, the ingroup minus outgroup amount was larger in the religion round compared to most other rounds. The exceptions were the ideology round in study 1 and 2, which did not differ significantly from the religion round. In study 2, the difference between ingroup and outgroup generosity was larger for Muslim participants than for Christians and atheists. In conclusion, religious people seem to be more generous only when they know the religious affiliation of recipients, but atheists, Muslims, and Christians are all more generous toward religious ingroup members than toward outgroup members. The papers together show that religious affiliation is an important group category that affects perceived likeability and generosity in several contexts.
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| 4. |
- Nylander, Erik, 1982-
(författare)
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Skolning i jazz : Värde, selektion och studiekarriär vid folkhögskolornas musiklinjer
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen består av fyra empiriskt orienterade artiklar där studiekarriärer till och från folkhögskolornas musiklinjer studeras. Med utgångspunkt i relationell utbildningssociologi, metodologiskt såväl som teoretiskt, analyseras musiklinjernas sociala rekrytering, inträdesregler och relation till högre utbildning och professionella musikfält. Med hjälp av statistisk från individdataregister och enkätundersökningar riktade till musiklinjeansvariga tecknas en bild av det utbildningslandskap där folkhögskolelinjerna i musik är en del. Genom etnografiskt fältarbete av de mest prestigefyllda jazzlinjerna och deras musikauditions, undersöks hur det går till när urvalet till de dominerande linjerna sker. Resultaten visar hur musiken vuxit till att bli den volymmässigt största inriktningen bland folkhögskolornas särskilda linjer och hur de är att betrakta som intermediärt positionerade i det svenska utbildningslandskapet i musik. Musiklinjerna visar sig hierarkiskt organiserade mellan högt och lågt och differentierade mellan elit- och massutbildningar. Argumentet framförs att man kan betrakta tillgångar i musik som en särskild kapitalform, vad som i avhandlingen benämns ett musikkapital, vilket gradvis differentieras och blir beroende av genrespecifika erkännanden. Selektionen till musiklinjerna i jazz präglas av en serie spänningsförhållanden mellan tradition och förnyelse, teknik och känsla, regelföljande och regelbrott samt mellan institutionella och karismatiska värderingspraktiker.
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| 5. |
- Rahm, Lina, 1973-
(författare)
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Educational imaginaries : a genealogy of the digital citizen
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis makes use of a genealogical approach to map out and explainhow and why computers and citizenship have become so closely connected.It examines the historical continuities and disruptions, and the role thatpopular education has played in this interrelation. Drawing on previousresearch in the overlap between Swedish popular education history andhistorical computer politics, this thesis adds knowledge about howimaginaries of popular education, operating as silver bullet solutions toproblems with computerization, have had important functions as governingtools for at least 70 years. That is, Swedish popular education has since the1950s been imagined as a central solution to problems with computerization,but also to realize the societal potentials associated with computers.Specifically, this thesis makes two contributions: 1) Empirically, the thesisunearths archived, and in many ways forgotten, discourses around thehistorical enactment of the digital citizen, and the role of popular education,questioning assumptions that are taken for granted in current times; 2)Theoretically, the thesis proposes a conceptual model of educationalimaginaries, and specifically introduces the notion (and method) of‘problematizations’ into these imaginaries.
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