| 1. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake of 1989
- 1993
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 150:3, s. 474-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study systematically evaluated the psychological reactions of a non-clinical population to the October 1989 Bay Area earthquake. Within a week of the earthquake, a checklist of anxiety and dissociative symptoms was administered to a representative sample of approximately 100 graduate students and faculty members from two different institutions in the Bay Area. A follow-up study was conducted 4 months afterwards. Analyses of variance for time of testing showed that during or shortly after the earthquake respondents experienced significantly greater number and frequency of time distortions, alterations in cognition, memory and somatic sensation, derealization, depersonalization, and, to a lesser degree, anxiety symptoms and Schneiderian first-rank symptoms. These results suggest that among non-clinical populations extreme distress significantly increases the prevalence not only of anxiety but of transient dissociative phenomena as well, a fact of considerable clinical and theoretical import particularly considering the lifetime prevalence of traumatic experiences among the general population.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in a nonhuman primate model of type 2 excessive alcohol consumption
- 2002
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 159, s. 2107-2109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is associated with "type 2 alcoholism." MAO activity is also affected by cigarette smoking. Since most alcoholics are smokers, it is difficult to evaluate the possible effect of platelet MAO activity on alcoholism independently of the effects of smoking, The authors investigated the relationship between platelet MAO activity and excessive alcohol consumption in rhesus macaques. Method: Platelet MAO activity and CSF metabolite concentrations were measured. The authors also investigated level of voluntary alcohol intake and social dominance rank. Results: Subjects with low platelet MAO activity consumed alcohol to excess, had low CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, and were less competent socially. Conclusions: These findings show that nonhuman primates that exhibit type 2-like alcohol features display low platelet MAO activity and support the notion that platelet MAO activity is a biologic marker for central serotonergic activity. The results also challenge the hypothesis that low platelet MAO activity in type 2 alcoholism is simply an artifact of smoking.
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| 4. |
- Harvey, P.D, et al.
(författare)
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Performance-based measurement of functional disability in schizophrenia: a cross-national study in the United States and Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; :166, s. 821-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in the assessment of disability in schizophrenia have separated the measurement of functional capacity from real-world functional outcomes. The authors examined the similarity of performance-based assessments of everyday functioning, real-world disability, and achievement of milestones in people with schizophrenia in the United States and Sweden. METHOD: The UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief Version (UPSA-B) and a neuropsychological assessment were administered to schizophrenia patients living in rural areas in Sweden (N=146) and in the New York City area (N=244), and patients' functioning was rated by their case managers. Information from records and case managers was used to determine the frequency of living independently, working, and having ever experienced a stable romantic relationship. RESULTS: Performance on the UPSA-B was essentially identical in the two samples (New York, mean score=13.84; Sweden, mean score=13.30), as were scores on the case manager ratings of everyday activities (New York, mean=49.0; Sweden, mean=48.8). The correlations between UPSA-B score, neuropsychological test performance, and case manager ratings did not differ across the two samples. The proportion of patients who had never had a close relationship and the rate of vocational disability were also nearly identical. However, while 80% of the Swedish patients were living independently, only 46% of the New York patients were. CONCLUSIONS: While scores on performance-based measures of everyday living skills were similar in people with schizophrenia across cultures, real-world residential outcomes were very different. These data suggest that cultural and social support systems can lead to divergent real-world outcomes among individuals who show evidence of the same levels of ability and potential.
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| 5. |
- spiegel, david, et al.
(författare)
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Comments on Hypnotizability and Dissociation
- 1991
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 148, s. 813-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Spiegel, David, et al.
(författare)
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New DSM-Diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 157, s. 1890-1890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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