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Using genetics to decipher the link between type 2 diabetes and cancer : shared aetiology or downstream consequence?

Vincent, Emma E. (author)
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Science Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Yaghootkar, Hanieh (author)
Luleå tekniska universitet,Institutionen för hälsovetenskap,Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK. School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Science Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Institutionen för hälsovetenskap (creator_code:org_t)
2020-07-23
2020
English.
In: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63:9, s. 1706-1717
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Recent developments in the field of genetics have accelerated our understanding of the aetiology of complex diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are no exception, with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitating exploration of the underlying pathology. Here, we discuss how genetics studies can be used to investigate the relationship between these complex diseases. Observational epidemiological studies consistently report that people with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of several types of cancer. Indeed, type 2 diabetes and cancer share many common risk factors, such as obesity, ageing, poor diet and low levels of physical activity. However, questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms that link these two diseases. Large-scale GWAS of type 2 diabetes and cancer allow us to consider the evidence for shared genetic architecture. Several shared susceptibility genes have been identified, yet tissue specificity and direction of effect must be taken into account when considering common genetic aetiology. We also consider how GWAS, and associated techniques such as Mendelian randomisation, allow us to dissect the link between the two diseases and address questions such as ‘Does type 2 diabetes cause cancer or is the increased risk observed driven by higher adiposity or another associated metabolic feature?’

Subject headings

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Medicinteknik -- Annan medicinteknik (hsv//swe)
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Medical Engineering -- Other Medical Engineering (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Adiposity
Cancer
Diabetes
Genetics
GWAS
Mendelian randomisation
Review
Type 2 diabetes
Medicinsk teknik
Medical Engineering

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Diabetologia
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Luleå University of Technology

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