| 1. |
- Peacock, Rachel E., et al.
(författare)
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Associations between lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and plasma correlations of lipids, lipoproteins and lipase activities in young myocardial infarction survivors and age-matched healthy individuals from Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 97:2-3, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Association studies were carried out on a sample of 87 patients from Sweden who had survived a myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age and 93 age-matched healthy individuals, to compare the impact of polymorphisms (PvuII, HindIII and Serine447-Stop) at the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene locus on among-individual differences in plasma lipid traits and progression of atherosclerosis. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between any two of these polymorphisms, with the Stop447 allele being only found on the same chromosome as the rare alleles (no cutting sites) of the PvuII and HindIII polymorphisms. In the healthy individuals, weak associations were found between genotypes of the HindIII polymorphism and triglycerides and the PvuII polymorphism and high density lipoprotein cholesterol explaining 7.4% and 5.6% of sample variance (P = 0.03 and 0.09), respectively. No associations were found between these traits and genotypes of the Serine447-Stop substitution, and thus it is unlikely to be the cause of the associations seen with the PvuII and HindIII polymorphisms even though it truncates the enzyme amino acid sequence. The presence of the rare allele, H-, of the HindIII polymorphism was associated with a smaller variance in triglycerides and both cholesterol and triglycerides in the very low density lipoprotein fraction, and with larger interdependent variation between these lipid traits, and also between LPL activity and these lipid traits. This implies that the H- allele, rather than the Stop447 allele, has the major impact on interdependence between traits which are directly or indirectly influenced by LPL activity. In the healthy individuals who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E2 allele, the inter-dependence between LPL activity and lipid traits was significantly smaller, and that between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and both cholesterol and triglycerides in the very low density lipoprotein fraction was much larger compared with non-carriers (P < 0.05). No significant associations were found between lipid traits or lipase activity and genotypes of the Serine447-Stop substitution. However, in the patients, global severity of coronary atherosclerosis at the first angiography was significantly associated with haplotype combinations of the HindIII and the Serine447-Stop polymorphisms, with the H-Stop haplotype being associated with the highest median score (P = 0.02). The data suggest that variation at the LPL gene locus is associated with a pleiotropic effect, that is not directly mediated by changes in lipids, on severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Quensel, M, et al.
(författare)
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High density lipoprotein concentrations after cessation of smoking: the importance of alterations in diet
- 1989
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 75:2-3, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cessation of smoking is followed by a rapid rise in plasma HDL concentrations. An earlier study has demonstrated a significant relationship between the increase in HDL concentrations and spontaneous changes in food intake, specifically an increased fat intake. In this investigation we have dissociated the effects of cessation of smoking as such from those of dietary alterations by monitoring plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations after cessation of smoking in 12 subjects whose diet was kept constant during an initial 2-week control period and during 2 weeks following cessation of smoking. Under these conditions plasma HDL-cholesterol levels did not increase significantly (1.01 +/- 0.26 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) before and 1.04 +/- 0.27 mmol/l after cessation of smoking). Similarly, no significant alterations were recorded for other plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were unchanged throughout the study. These results suggest that the marked rise in HDL concentrations after stopping smoking is largely related to spontaneous changes in dietary habits which occur upon cessation of smoking.
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| 3. |
- Tornvall, P, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies against modified low-density lipoproteins in coronary artery disease
- 2003
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 167:2, s. 347-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the importance of different autoantibodies against modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Background: Previous studies of autoantibodies against LDL have shown that patients with CAD have increased titers of autoantibodies against LDL modified by copper and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas there is a lack of information about autoantibody titers against LDL modified by hypochlorite (HOCl). Studies of autoantibodies in relation to severity of atherosclerosis are few and have reached divergent results. Furthermore, no data exist on the relationship between autoantibody titers and prognosis. Methods: Titers of autoantibodies against copper-, MDA- and HOCl-modified LDL were determined in serum by ELISA. Autoantibody titers in young male survivors of a first myocardial infarction were compared with those of healthy controls and related to coronary angiographic findings and to prognosis during I I years of follow-up. Results: Patients had higher titers of autoantibodies against LDL modified by copper and MDA than controls. In contrast, no consistent associations were found between autoantibody titers and global severity of coronary atherosclerosis or number and severity of coronary stenoses and prognosis. Conclusions: The prognostic value of autoantibodies against modified LDL is limited in young postinfarction patients despite the fact that autoantibody titers against copper- and NIDA-modified LDL are raised compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the results indicate that autoantibodies against modified LDL are not protective in later stages of coronary atherosclerosis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Lp-PLA2 activity and mass for prediction of incident abdominal aortic aneurysms : A prospective longitudinal cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 262, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shares several common pathways with atherosclerosis. Prospective clinical plasma biomarker studies in AAA have been hampered by the need for very large cohorts and long follow-up time. Methods We analyzed a prospective longitudinal cohort of middle-aged individuals from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (n = 5551; 1991-94). The plasma biomarkers lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 activity and mass), proneurotensin and C-reactive protein, and conventional risk factors at baseline were measured in patients with incident AAA during follow-up, and compared to individuals without a diagnosis of AAA. Subjects were followed until December 31st, 2013. Multivariable analyses were expressed in terms of hazard ratios (HR) per 1 standard deviation increment of each respective log-transformed plasma biomarker in the Cox proportional hazard models. Results Cumulative incidence of AAA was 1.5% (men 2.9%, women 0.5%) during a median follow-up period of 20.7 years. Overall, 84 individuals had an incident AAA, of whom 22 (26.2%) were operated on and 16 (19.0%) had ruptured. Mean age of individuals with incident AAA was 59.7 years at study entry and AAA was diagnosed on average 14 years later. When adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, Lp-PLA2 activity (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.15–1.72) and Lp-PLA2 mass (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.00–1.51) were independently associated with incident AAA. Conclusions The plasma biomarkers Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were markers of AAA risk and this implies that AAA is an athero-thrombotic related disease.
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| 5. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid intima-media thickness is associated with incidence of hospitalized atrial fibrillation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 233:2, s. 673-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a measure of arterial thickening and a risk predictor for myocardial infarction and stroke. It is unclear whether IMT also predicts atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the association between IMT and incidence of first AF hospitalization in a population-based cohort.
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| 6. |
- Al-Sharify, Dania, et al.
(författare)
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Increased proteolytic cleavage of osteoglycin is associated with a stable plaque phenotype and lower risk of cardiovascular events
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 355, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is one of the key components in the formation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and cardiovascular events. We recently showed that the full-length ECM-proteoglycan osteoglycin was associated with plaque vulnerability and future cardiovascular events. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of cleaved osteoglycin with plaque phenotype. Methods: Two-hundred human carotid plaques were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cleaved osteoglycin and active caspase-3 were assessed by ELISA. ECM components (collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans) were assessed by colorimetric assays in plaque tissue homogenates. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed using Milliplex. MMP-cleavage of osteoglycin and its effect on apoptosis were studied in vitro. Cardiovascular events were recorded during follow-up using national registries. Results: Plaque levels of cleaved osteoglycin were significantly higher in asymptomatic plaques and correlated to α-actin plaque area, collagen, elastin and inversely to lipids, active. caspase-3 and a histological vulnerability index. Cleaved osteoglycin correlated to several MMPs, especially MMP-12, which was also shown to cleave osteoglycin in vitro. In vitro cleavage of osteoglycin was also associated with less smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Patients with high plaque levels of cleaved osteoglycin had a significantly lower risk to suffer from future cardiovascular events. Conclusions: The current study shows that cleaved osteoglycin is associated with a stable plaque phenotype and lower risk for future cardiovascular events. Potentially due to reduced cell apoptosis and ability to retain LDL. These results indicate that targeting the cleavage of osteoglycin may be a potential therapeutic strategy to stabilize plaques.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Kristina E, et al.
(författare)
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Oats (Avena sativa) reduce atherogenesis in LDL-receptor-deficient mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; Jul 1, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The cholesterol-lowering properties of oats, largely ascribed to its contents of soluble fibers, beta-glucans, are well established, whereas effects on atherogenesis are less well elucidated. Oats also contains components with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may affect atherogenesis. In this work we examined effects of oat bran on plasma cholesterol, markers of inflammation, eNOS expression and development of atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female LDLr(-/-) mice were fed Western diet+/-oat bran. Two concentrations of oat bran (40 and 27%) were compared regarding effects on plasma lipids. There was a dose-dependent reduction of plasma cholesterol by 42 and 20% with 40 and 27% oat bran, respectively. Both concentrations also lowered plasma triglycerides (by 45 and 33%) and relative levels of plasma LDL+VLDL. The reduction of plasma lipids was accompanied by increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. Oat bran (40%) efficiently reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in the descending aorta (-77%) and aortic root (-33%). Plasma levels of fibrinogen and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly lower, and immunofluorescence of aortic sections revealed a 75% lower expression of VCAM-1 in oat-fed mice. The expression of eNOS protein in the aortic wall was increased in mice fed oat bran. CONCLUSIONS: Oat bran supplemented to a Western diet lowers plasma cholesterol, reduces levels of some inflammatory markers, increases eNOS expression and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development in LDLr(-/-) mice. It remains to be investigated which components in oats contribute to these effects.
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