| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Niederle, Bruno, et al.
(author)
-
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and the Pancreas : Diagnosis and Treatment of Functioning and Non-Functioning Pancreatic and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasia within the MEN1 Syndrome - An International Consensus Statement
- 2021
-
In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 111:7, s. 609-630
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The better understanding of the biological behavior of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) organ manifestations and the increase in clinical experience warrant a revision of previously published guidelines. Duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (DP-NENs) are still the second most common manifestation in MEN1 and, besides NENs of the thymus, remain a leading cause of death. DP-NENs are thus of main interest in the effort to reevaluate recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. Especially over the last 2 years, more clinical experience has documented the follow-up of treated and untreated (natural-course) DP-NENs. It was the aim of the international consortium of experts in endocrinology, genetics, radiology, surgery, gastroenterology, and oncology to systematically review the literature and to present a consensus statement based on the highest levels of evidence. Reviewing the literature published over the past decade, the focus was on the diagnosis of F- and NF-DP-NENs within the MEN1 syndrome in an effort to further standardize and improve treatment and follow-up, as well as to establish a "logbook" for the diagnosis and treatment of DP-NENs. This shall help further reduce complications and improve long-term treatment results in these rare tumors. The following international consensus statement builds upon the previously published guidelines of 2001 and 2012 and attempts to supplement the recommendations issued by various national and international societies.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Ruszniewski, Philippe, et al.
(author)
-
Rapid and sustained relief from the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome : results from an open 6-month study of the 28-day prolonged-release formulation of lanreotide
- 2004
-
In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 80:4, s. 244-251
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This 6-month, open, non-controlled, multicenter, dose-titration study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 28-day prolonged-release (PR) lanreotide in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Eligible patients had a carcinoid tumor with > or =3 stools/day and/or > or =1 moderate/severe flushing episodes/day. Six treatments of 28-day PR lanreotide were administered by deep subcutaneous injection. The dose for the first two injections was 90 mg. Subsequent doses could be titrated (60, 90, 120 mg) according to symptom response. Seventy-one patients were treated. Flushing decreased from a mean of 3.0 at baseline to 2.3 on day 1, and 2.0 on day 2, with a daily mean of 2.1 for the first week post-treatment (p < 0.05). Diarrhea decreased from a mean of 5.0 at baseline to 4.3 on day 1 (p < 0.05), and 4.5 on day 2, with a daily mean of 4.4 for the first week post-treatment (p < 0.001). Symptom frequency decreased further after the second and third injections, and reached a plateau after the fourth injection. By month 6, flushing and diarrhea had significantly decreased from baseline by a mean of 1.3 and 1.1 episodes/day, respectively (both p < or = 0.001); 65% of patients with flushing as the target symptom and 18% of diarrhea-target patients achieved > or =50% reduction from baseline. Median urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and chromogranin A levels decreased by 24 and 38%, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. 28-day PR lanreotide was effective in reducing the symptoms and biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1954-, et al.
(author)
-
ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : Radiological, Nuclear Medicine & Hybrid Imaging.
- 2017
-
In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 105:3, s. 212-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neckthorax-abdomen and pelvis, including 3-phase examination of the liver, constitutes the basic imaging for primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and therapy monitoring. CT characterization of lymph nodes is difficult because of inadequate size criteria (short axis diameter), and bone metastases are often missed. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging is preferred for the examination of the liver, pancreas, brain and bone. MRI may miss small lung metastases. MRI is less well suited than CT for the examination of extended body areas because of the longer examination procedure. Ultrasonography (US) frequently provides the initial diagnosis of liver metastases and contrast-enhanced US is excellent to characterize liver lesions that remain equivocal on CT/MRI. US is the method of choice to guide the biopsy needle for the histopathological NET diagnosis. US cannot visualize thoracic NET lesions for which CTguided biopsy therefore is used. Endocopic US is the most sensitive method to diagnose pancreatic NETs, and additionally allows for biopsy. Intraoperative US facilitates lesion detection in the pancreas and liver. Somatostatin receptor imaging should be a part of the tumor staging, preoperative imaging and restaging, for which 68 Ga-DOTA-somatostatin analog PET/CT is recommended, which is vastly superior to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, and facilitates the diagnosis of most types of NET lesions, for example lymph node metastases, bone metastases, liver metastases, peritoneal lesions, and primary small intestinal NETs. (18)FDG-PET/CT is better suited for G3 and high G2 NETs, which generally have higher glucose metabolism and less somatostatin receptor expression than low-grade NETs, and additionally provides prognostic information.
|
|
| 10. |
- Toumpanakis, Christos, et al.
(author)
-
Unmet Needs in Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
- 2019
-
In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 108:1, s. 37-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (ANEN) are mostly discovered coincidentally during appendicectomy and usually have a benign clinical course; thus, appendicectomy alone is considered curative. However, in some cases, a malignant potential is suspected, and therefore additional operations such as completion right hemicolectomy are considered. The existing European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) guidelines provide useful data about epidemiology and prognosis, as well as practical recommendations with regards to the risk factors for a more aggressive disease course and the indications for a secondary operation. However, these guidelines are based on heterogeneous and retrospective studies. Therefore, the evidence does not seem to be robust, and there are still unmet needs in terms of accurate epidemiology and overall prognosis, optimal diagnostic and follow-up strategy, as well as identified risk factors that would indicate a more aggressive surgical approach at the beginning and a more intense follow-up. In this review, we are adopting a critical approach of the ENETS guidelines and published series for ANEN, focusing on the above-noted "grey areas".
|
|
