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- Försth, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fusion Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 374:15, s. 1413-1423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND The efficacy of fusion surgery in addition to decompression surgery in patients who have lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis, has not been substantiated in controlled trials.METHODS We randomly assigned 247 patients between 50 and 80 years of age who had lumbar spinal stenosis at one or two adjacent vertebral levels to undergo either decompression surgery plus fusion surgery (fusion group) or decompression surgery alone (decompression-alone group). Randomization was stratified according to the presence of preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis (in 135 patients) or its absence. Outcomes were assessed with the use of patient-reported outcome measures, a 6-minute walk test, and a health economic evaluation. The primary outcome was the score on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI; which ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe disability) 2 years after surgery. The primary analysis, which was a per-protocol analysis, did not include the 14 patients who did not receive the assigned treatment and the 5 who were lost to follow-up.RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in the mean score on the ODI at 2 years (27 in the fusion group and 24 in the decompression-alone group, P = 0.24) or in the results of the 6-minute walk test (397 m in the fusion group and 405 m in the decompression- alone group, P = 0.72). Results were similar between patients with and those without spondylolisthesis. Among the patients who had 5 years of follow-up and were eligible for inclusion in the 5-year analysis, there were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcomes at 5 years. The mean length of hospitalization was 7.4 days in the fusion group and 4.1 days in the decompression-alone group (P< 0.001). Operating time was longer, the amount of bleeding was greater, and surgical costs were higher in the fusion group than in the decompression-alone group. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, additional lumbar spine surgery was performed in 22% of the patients in the fusion group and in 21% of those in the decompression-alone group.CONCLUSIONS Among patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis, decompression surgery plus fusion surgery did not result in better clinical outcomes at 2 years and 5 years than did decompression surgery alone.
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| 6. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 374:21, s. 2095-2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 7. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture
- 2003
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 348:4, s. 287-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although studies in animals and epidemiologic studies have indicated that a high vitamin A intake is associated with increased bone fragility, no biologic marker of vitamin A status has thus far been used to assess the risk of fractures in humans. METHODS: We enrolled 2322 men, 49 to 51 years of age, in a population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Serum retinol and beta carotene were analyzed in samples obtained at enrollment. Fractures were documented in 266 men during 30 years of follow-up. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk of fracture according to the serum retinol level. RESULTS: The risk of fracture was highest among men with the highest levels of serum retinol. Multivariate analysis of the risk of fracture in the highest quintile for serum retinol (>75.62 microg per deciliter [2.64 micromol per liter]) as compared with the middle quintile (62.16 to 67.60 microg per deciliter [2.17 to 2.36 micromol per liter]) showed that the rate ratio was 1.64 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.41) for any fracture and 2.47 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 5.28) for hip fracture. The risk of fracture was further increased within the highest quintile for serum retinol. Men with retinol levels in the 99th percentile (>103.12 microg per deciliter [3.60 micromol per liter]) had an overall risk of fracture that exceeded the risk among men with lower levels by a factor of seven (P<0.001). The level of serum beta carotene was not associated with the risk of fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, which are consistent with the results of studies in animals, as well as in vitro and epidemiologic dietary studies, suggest that current levels of vitamin A supplementation and food fortification in many Western countries may need to be reassessed.
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| 8. |
- Schilcher, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Bisphosphonate Use and Atypical Fractures of the Femoral Shaft
- 2011
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 364:18, s. 1728-1737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Studies show conflicting results regarding the possible excess risk of atypical fractures of the femoral shaft associated with bisphosphonate use. METHODS In Sweden, 12,777 women 55 years of age or older sustained a fracture of the femur in 2008. We reviewed radiographs of 1234 of the 1271 women who had a subtrochanteric or shaft fracture and identified 59 patients with atypical fractures. Data on medications and coexisting conditions were obtained from national registries. The relative and absolute risk of atypical fractures associated with bisphosphonate use was estimated by means of a nationwide cohort analysis. The 59 case patients were also compared with 263 control patients who had ordinary subtrochanteric or shaft fractures. RESULTS The age-adjusted relative risk of atypical fracture was 47.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6 to 87.3) in the cohort analysis. The increase in absolute risk was 5 cases per 10,000 patient-years (95% CI, 4 to 7). A total of 78% of the case patients and 10% of the controls had received bisphosphonates, corresponding to a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 33.3 (95% CI, 14.3 to 77.8). The risk was independent of coexisting conditions and of concurrent use of other drugs with known effects on bone. The duration of use influenced the risk (odds ratio per 100 daily doses, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6). After drug withdrawal, the risk diminished by 70% per year since the last use (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.38). CONCLUSIONS These population-based nationwide analyses may be reassuring for patients who receive bisphosphonates. Although there was a high prevalence of current bisphosphonate use among patients with atypical fractures, the absolute risk was small.
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| 9. |
- Schilcher, Jorg, et al.
(författare)
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Bisphosphonates and Atypical Femoral Shaft Fractures REPLY
- 2011
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 365:4, s. 377-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any judgment about the magnitude of a risk must be seen in relation to other risks and benefits. Women with osteoporosis run a high risk of fracture, which is substantially reduced by bisphosphonate therapy.1 The numbers needed to treat with bisphosphonates for 3 years are 91 for hip fractures and 14 for radiologic vertebral fractures.1 Without consideration of duration of use, we found that the number needed to harm given 3 years of treatment was 667 — that is, the benefits with the therapy outweigh the risks. The absolute risk of stress (atypical) fracture in our study tended to be higher with a longer duration of bisphosphonate use. With more than 2 years of treatment, the difference in absolute risk as compared with no treatment was 8 per 10,000 women per year of treatment. This estimate corresponds to a number needed to harm of 417 for a 3-year treatment period. Thus, theoretically, for each stress fracture caused, at least 30 vertebral and about 5 hip fractures will be prevented. This is reassuring. However, without a proper indication, the benefit–risk ratio with bisphosphonate use may not be advantageous.
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