| 1. |
- Niklasson, Gunnar A., et al.
(författare)
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Surface roughness of pyrolytic tin dioxide films evaluated by different methods
- 2000
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 359:2, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scaling of surface roughness in thin spray pyrolyzed fluorinated tin dioxide films of different thicknesses was obtained from atomic force microscopy. The data show that, within experimental uncertainties, the effective dimensionality of the surface is 2; hence no evidence of fractal surface roughness was found. Other methods – based upon light scattering and cyclic voltammetry – gave additional information on the surface topography. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the reaction sites on the surface are distributed in a fractal structure and may be identified with hillocks seen in surface reliefs.
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| 2. |
- Arvizu, Miguel A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical pretreatment of electrochromic WO3 films gives greatly improved cycling durability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 653, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic WO3 thin films have important applications in devices such as smart windows for energy-efficient buildings. Long-term electrochemical cycling durability of these films is essential and challenging. Here we investigate reactively sputter-deposited WO3 films, backed by indium-tin oxide layers and immersed in electrolytes of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate, and demonstrate unprecedented electrochemical cycling durability after straight-forward electrochemical pretreatments by the application of a voltage of 6 V vs. Li/Li+ for several hours.
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| 3. |
- Granqvist, Claes-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in chromogenic materials and devices
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 518:11, s. 3046-3053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromogenic materials allow the transmittance of visible light and solar energy to be varied under the action of an external stimulus This paper first discusses buildings related energy savings that can be accomplished by chromogenic technologies, and their beneficial effects on comfort issues We then summarize recent work on thermochromic VO2-based thin films with particular attention to multi-layers of VO2 and TiO2 and to new VO2 Mg films for which the doping gives significantly lowered absorption of visible light The final part covers electrochromic materials and devices with foci on coloration efficiency and on durability issues for foil-type constructions based on films of WO3 and NiO.
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| 4. |
- Granqvist, Claes Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic foil-based devices : Optical transmittance and modulation range, effect of ultravioled irradiation, and quality assessment by 1/f current noise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 516:17, s. 5921-5926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce electrochromic (EC) technology for modulating the transmittance of visible light and solar radiation in window apertures, with focus on recent work on foil-type devices embodying sputter deposited WO3 and NiO films joined by a polymer electrolyte. The purpose of this paper is to present a number of new and preliminary results showing that (i) double-sided antireflection coatings based on dip coating can enhance the transmittance significantly, (ii) tandem foils can yield a ratio between bleached-state and colored-state transmittance exceeding fifty, (iii) solar irradiance onto the EC device can enhance its charge insertion dynamics and thereby its optical modulation, and (iv) electromagnetic noise spectroscopy may serve as quality assessment of EC devices.
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| 5. |
- Granqvist, Claes-Göran, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromics and thermochromics for energy efficient fenestration : Functionalities based on nanoparticles of In2O3:Sn and VO2
- 2014
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 559, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Windows incorporating electrochromic (EC) and thermochromic (TC) materials are of great interest for today's and tomorrow's buildings and can create energy efficiency jointly with indoor comfort. This paper summarizes several recent studies and shows that nanoparticles of transparent conducting oxides-specifically In2O3: Sn (ITO) and thermochromic VO2-can lead to desirable functionalities. We consider three examples: (i) the use of ITO nanoparticles in conventional polaronic EC devices in order to suppress near-infrared solar transmittance, (ii) performance limits for plasmonic EC devices based on ITO nanoparticles, and (iii) ITO-VO2-based nanocomposites combining low thermal emittance with TC properties. We also consider Mg doping of VO2 to enhance the luminous transmittance and Al2O3/VO2 double layers with improved durability. Both experimental and theoretical results are reported. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Green, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and composition of sputter-deposited nickel-tungsten oxide films
- 2011
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 519:7, s. 2062-2066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of mixed nickel-tungsten oxide, denoted NixW1-x oxide, were prepared by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering from metallic targets and were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. A consistent picture of the structure and composition emerged, and at x<0.50 the films comprised a mixture of amorphous WO3 and nanosized NiWO4, at x = 0.50 the nanosized NiWO4 phase was dominating, and at x>0.50 the films contained nanosized NiO and NiWO4.
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| 7. |
- Green, Sara V., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic properties of nickel oxide based thin films sputter deposited in the presence of water vapor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 520:10, s. 3839-3842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic nickel oxide based thin films were prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering from metallic nickel in the presence of Ar, O-2 and H2O. The water vapor led to enhanced optical modulation and charge capacity. At a wavelength of 550 nm the bleached state transmittance was 0.73 and the transmittance for the colored state was 0.28 and 0.15 for water partial pressures of p(H2O)<10(-3) Pa and p(H2O) similar to 7 x 10(-2) Pa, respectively. The charge densities were 14 and 25 mC/cm(2) for p(H2O)<10(-3) Pa and P-H2O similar to 7 x 10(-2) Pa, respectively. The coloration efficiency was decreased with increased water partial pressure, from about 0.07 to 0.06 cm(2)/mC. Preliminary results show that the H2O promotes an amorphous structure and makes the films increasingly hydrous.
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| 8. |
- Ji, Yu-Xia, et al.
(författare)
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Durability of thermochromic VO2 thin films under heating and humidity : Effect of Al oxide top coatings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 562, s. 568-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An explorative study was performed on sputter-deposited thermochromic (TC) VO2 films exposed to heat treatment under dry and humid conditions. The ambient conditions were harsh and 80-nm-thick VO2 films were rapidly converted to non-TC V2O5. It was found that a 30-nm-thick sputter-deposited Al oxide top coating provided good protection and delayed the oxidation for more than one day upon heating in dry air at 300 degrees C and that protection occurred for several days at 95% relative humidity and 60 degrees C. The thickness of the Al oxide was important and, expectedly, increased thickness yielded enhanced protection. Our results are important for TC fenestration as well as for other technical applications.
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| 9. |
- Lansåker, Pia C, et al.
(författare)
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Thin gold films on SnO2:In : Temperature-dependent effects on the optical properties
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 520:9, s. 3688-3691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gold films with thicknesses of 5 +/- 0.5 nm were sputter deposited onto SnO2:In-coated glass kept at different temperatures up to 140 degrees C, and similar films, deposited onto substrates at 25 degrees C, were annealing post treated at the same temperatures. Nanostructures and optical properties were recorded by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry in the 0.3 to 2.5 mu m wavelength range, respectively. Annealing had a minor influence on the optical transmittance despite significant changes in the scale of the nanostructure, whereas deposition onto substrates heated to 140 degrees C yielded granular films with strong plasmon absorption of luminous radiation. These results are of considerable interest for optical devices with gold films prepared at elevated temperature or operating at such temperature.
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| 10. |
- Li, Shuyi, et al.
(författare)
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Thermochromic fenestration with VO2-based materials : Three challenges and how they can be met
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 520:10, s. 3823-3828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermochromic VO2-based films have higher infrared transmittance below a "critical" temperature tau(c) than above this temperature and can be used for regulating the solar energy transmittance T-sol in energy efficient windows. Pure VO2 is not practical, though, since (i) the modulation of T-sol is too small at tau(c), (ii) the luminous transmittance is too low, and (iii) tau(c) is too high. This paper discusses how these three challenges can be met. Specifically, using VO2-based nanoparticle composites rather than films makes it possible to significantly alleviate (i) and (ii), Mg doping of VO2 can give further improvements of (ii), and W doping (and to some extent also Mg doping) is important for (iii) and can bring tau(c) to a comfort temperature. The paper hence delineates a path towards practically useful thermochromic fenestration.
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