| 1. |
- Akesson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of heart failure - A population-based prospective cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 126, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Beneficial effects of fish consumption on heart failure (HF) may be modified by contaminants in fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of particular concern as they have been associated with well-established risk factors of HF, but current data are limited. Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between dietary PCB exposure and risk of HF, accounting for dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids. Design: We used the prospective population-based research structure SIMPLER (previously the Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men) comprising 32,952 women and 36,546 men, free from cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline in 1997. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of HF were ascertained through register linkage. Results: During an average of 12 years of follow-up, we ascertained 2736 and 3128 incident cases of HF in women and men, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted models, mutually adjusted for PCBs and EPA-DHA, the relative risk (RR) for dietary PCB exposure was 1.48 (95% CI 1.12-1.96) in women and 1.42 (95% CI 1.08-1.86) in men, comparing extreme quintiles. Corresponding RRs for EPA-DHA intake were 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.93) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.63-1.07), respectively. Conclusions: Dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased risk of HF in both women and men. EPA-DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of HF in women, with a similar tendency in men.
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| 2. |
- Bergkvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of myocardial infarction in men - A population-based prospective cohort study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 88, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Major food contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are proposed to play a role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but to date the impact of PCBs on cardiovascular health need to be explored. Methods and results: We assessed the association between validated food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of dietary PCB exposure and risk of myocardial infarction, ascertained through register-linkage, among 36,759 men from the population-based Swedish Cohort of Men, free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer at baseline (1997). Relative risks were adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) and methyl mercury exposure. During 12 years of follow-up (433,243 person-years), we ascertained 3005 incident cases of myocardial infarction (654 fatal). Compared with the lowest quintile of dietary PCB exposure (median 113 ng/day), men in the highest quintile (median 436 ng/day) had multivariable-adjusted relative risks of 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-2.33; p-trend < 0.001) for total and 1.97 (95% C11.42-2.75; p-trend < 0.001) for non-fatal myocardial infarction. In mutually adjusted models, dietary PCB exposure was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, while the intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids was associated with a decreased risk. We also observed an effect modification by adiposity on the association between of dietary PCB exposure and myocardial infarction, with higher risk among lean men (p value for interaction = 0.03). Conclusions: Exposure to PCBs via diet was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in men. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl acid levels in first-time mothers in relation to offspring weight gain and growth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 111, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated if maternal body burdens of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) at the time of delivery are associated with birth outcome and if early life exposure (in utero/nursing) is associated with early childhood growth and weight gain. Maternal PFAA body burdens were estimated by analysis of serum samples from mothers living in Uppsala County, Sweden (POPUP), sampled three weeks after delivery between 1996 and 2011. Data on child length and weight were collected from medical records and converted into standard deviation scores (SDS). Multiple linear regression models with appropriate covariates were used to analyze associations between maternal PFAA levels and birth outcomes (n = 381). After birth Generalized Least Squares models were used to analyze associations between maternal PFAA and child growth (n = 200). Inverse associations were found between maternal levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and birth weight SDS with a change of - 0.10 to - 0.18 weight SDS for an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in ng/g PFAA. After birth, weight and length SDS were not significantly associated with maternal PFAA. However, BMI SDS was significantly associated with PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS at 3 and 4 years of age, and with PFOS at 4 and 5 years of age. If causal, these associations suggest that PFAA affects fetal and childhood body development in different directions.
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| 4. |
- Kippler, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with stroke risk.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 94, s. 706-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about joint exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], through fish consumption, on cerebrovascular disease risk.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations of dietary PCB exposure and EPA-DHA intake with risk of different stroke subtypes.METHODS: This was assessed in the prospective population-based Cohort of Swedish Men including 39,948, middle-aged and elderly men, who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in 1997. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and EPA-DHA were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire.RESULTS: During 12years of follow-up, 2286 and 474 incident cases of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively, were ascertained through register linkage. Dietary PCB exposure and EPA-DHA intake were associated with hemorrhagic stroke but not ischemic stroke. Men in the highest quartile of dietary PCB exposure (median 412ng/day) had a multivariable- and EPA-DHA-adjusted RR of hemorrhagic stroke of 2.77 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-5.19] compared with men in the lowest quartile (median 128ng/day; p for trend <0.01). The corresponding RRs in men with and without hypertension were 5.45 (95% CI, 1.34-22.1) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.17-4.79), respectively. The multivariable- and PCB-adjusted RR of hemorrhagic stroke for the highest quartile of EPA-DHA intake (median 0.73g/day) versus the lowest quartile (median 0.18g/day) was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22-0.79).CONCLUSION: Dietary PCB exposure was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, whereas a protective association was observed for dietary EPA-DHA intake.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Yanna, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of perfluorooctanesulfonate isomer and enantiomer patterns in archived Swedish and American serum samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 75, s. 215-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) body burdens are attributable to both direct PFOS and indirect PFOS precursor (PreFOS) exposure. The relative importance of these two pathways has been estimated, but the relative temporal trajectory of exposure to PFOS and PreFOS has not been examined. Here, two hypothesized biomarkers of PreFOS exposure, PFOS isomer profiles (quantified as percent branched PFOS, %br-PFOS) and chiral 1m-PFOS enantiomer fractions (1m-PFOS EF) were analyzed in archived human serum samples of individual American adults (1974-2010) and pooled samples of Swedish primiparous women (1996-2010). After correcting for potential confounders, significant correlations between %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EFs were observed in American samples and in Swedish samples for the 1996-2000 period, supporting the hypothesis that both %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EF are biomarkers of PreFOS exposure. Significant trends of increasing %br-PFOS, from 2000 to 2010, and increasingly non-racemic 1m-PFOS EFs, from 1996 to 2000, were detected in Swedish samples. No statistically significant trend for %br-PFOS or 1m-PFOS EF was observed in American samples, but American males had significantly higher %br-PFOS and significantly lower 1m-PFOS EF (i.e. more non-racemic) than females, and a similar significant difference was shown in the older age group, relative to the younger age group. These temporal trends in %br-PFOS and 1m-PFOS EF are not easily explained and the results highlight uncertainties about how humans are exposed to PFOS.
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