| 1. |
- Kapiriri, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
-
Priority setting and equity in COVID-19 pandemic plans : a comparative analysis of 18 African countries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Health Policy and Planning. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1080 .- 1460-2237. ; 37:3, s. 297-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Priority setting represents an even bigger challenge during public health emergencies than routine times. This is because such emergencies compete with routine programmes for the available health resources, strain health systems and shift health-care attention and resources towards containing the spread of the epidemic and treating those that fall seriously ill. This paper is part of a larger global study, the aim of which is to evaluate the degree to which national COVID-19 preparedness and response plans incorporated priority setting concepts. It provides important insights into what and how priority decisions were made in the context of a pandemic. Specifically, with a focus on a sample of 18 African countries pandemic plans, the paper aims to: (1) explore the degree to which the documented priority setting processes adhere to established quality indicators of effective priority setting and (2) examine if there is a relationship between the number of quality indicators present in the pandemic plans and the countrys economic context, health system and prior experiences with disease outbreaks. All the reviewed plans contained some aspects of expected priority setting processes but none of the national plans addressed all quality parameters. Most of the parameters were mentioned by less than 10 of the 18 country plans reviewed, and several plans identified one or two aspects of fair priority setting processes. Very few plans identified equity as a criterion for priority setting. Since the parameters are relevant to the quality of priority setting that is implemented during public health emergencies and most of the countries have pre-existing pandemic plans; it would be advisable that, for the future (if not already happening), countries consider priority setting as a critical part of their routine health emergency and disease outbreak plans. Such an approach would ensure that priority setting is integral to pandemic planning, response and recovery.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sundström, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence and outcome of surgery for adult hydrocephalus patients in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-8697 .- 1360-046X. ; 31:1, s. 21-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: To present population-based and age related incidence of surgery and clinical outcome for adult patients operated for hydrocephalus, registered in the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR). Methods: All patients registered in SHQR during 2004-2011 were included. Data on age, gender, type of hydrocephalus and type of surgery were extracted as well as three months outcome for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Results: The material consisted of 2360 patients, 1229 men and 1131 women, age 63.8 +/- 14.4 years (mean standard deviation (SD)). The mean total incidence of surgery was 5.1 +/- 0.9 surgeries/100,000/year; 4.7 +/- 0.9 shunt surgeries and 0.4 +/- 0.1 endoscopic third ventriculostomies. For iNPH, secondary communicating hydrocephalus and obstructive hydrocephalus, the incidence of surgery was 2.2 +/- 0.8, 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 0.8 +/- 0.1/100,000/year, respectively. During 2004-2011, the incidence of surgery increased in total (p = .044), especially in age groups 70-79 years and > 80 years (p = .012 and p = .031). After surgery, 253 of 652 iNPH patients (38.8%) improved at least one step on the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Number needed to treat was 3.0 for improving one patient from unfavourable (mRS 3-5) to favourable (mRS 0-2). The mean score of a modified iNPH scale increased from 54 +/- 23 preoperatively to 63 +/- 25 postoperatively (p < .0001, n = 704), and 58% improved. No significant regional differences in incidence, surgical techniques or outcome were found. Conclusions: Incidence of hydrocephalus surgery increased significantly during 2004-2011, specifically in elderly patients. Surgical treatment of INPH markedly improved functional independence, but the improvement rate was low compared to recent single- and multicentre studies. Thus, the potential for surgical improvement is likely lower than generally reported when treating patients as part of everyday clinical care.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Per
(författare)
-
National Policy and the Implementation of Recognition of Prior Learning in a Swedish Municipality
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 23:5, s. 515-531
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recognition of prior learning (RPL) has been part of adult education policy and practice for a long time, but in different ways and in different times and places. In Sweden, RPL has been an explicit part of the policy since 1996. This policy analysis starts with the current Swedish policy concerning RPL. The figures of thought expressed in official policy texts are traced in, and compared to what is expressed in, the (discursive) practice of a case of local policy and development initiatives. The objective of the analysis is to see how the policy in official texts is reproduced and transformed at the local level. The theoretical starting point is the Foucauldian concept of ‘governmentality’, and RPL is seen as a technique for governing adult education, the adult learner, and also adult learning. The analysis focuses particularly on the governing of adult education, expressed in the ‘salvation narrative’ of RPL, and in ideas of what RPL is and how it should be organised. Indirect as well as direct techniques of governing are identified in the governing of and through RPL.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nicoll, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
-
Opening discourses of citizenship education : A theorization with Foucault
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - London : Routledge. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 28:6, s. 828-846
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue two major difficulties in current discourses of citizenship education. The first is a relative masking of student discourses of citizenship by positioning students as lacking citizenship and as outside the community that acts. The second is in failing to understand the discursive and material support for citizenship activity. We, thus, argue that it is not a lack of citizenship that education research might address, but identification and exploration of the different forms of citizenship that students already engage in. We offer a fragmentary, poststructuralist theorization oriented to explore the 'contemporary limits of the necessary', drawing on specific resources from the work of Michel Foucault and others for the constitution of local, partial accounts of citizenship discourses and activities, and exploration of their possibilities and constraints. We argue this as a significant tactic of theorization in support of an opening of discourses of citizenship and in avoiding the discursive difficulties that we have identified. Our theorization, then, is significant in its potential to unsettle discourses that confine contemporary thought regarding citizenship education and support exploration of what might be excessive to that confinement. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Recognition of prior learning as a technique for fabricating the adult learner : a genealogical analysis on Swedish adult education policy
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 20:5, s. 595-613
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the recognition of prior learning and the figure of thought it represents in Swedish policy on adult education. It can be seen as a technique for governing the adult learner and a way of fabricating the subject. We are tracing this thought back in time to see how it has changed and what it consists of. The material analysed consists of Swedish official documents published between 1948 and 2004. We draw on two concepts from the Foucauldian toolbox: genealogy and governmentality. The result shows that this technique for governing and fabricating the adult subject is not new. It has been present during all periods analysed. However, there is a difference in how the ideas of competence and knowledge are stressed. Today the focus is on the subject's specific experience, which means competence. You are constructed as an adult with experiences that are to be evaluated. During the 1960s and 1970s the focus was rather on general experience. There was also discussion concerning the subject's ability to study. During the 1950s this figure of thought focused on ability was dominant. Those with the talent/ability to study were to be accepted for adult education.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dahlstedt, Magnus, 1975-
(författare)
-
Governing by Partnerships : Dilemmas in Swedish Education Policy at the Turn of the Millennium
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 24:6, s. 787-801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, governing through partnerships has become more and more common and is today reflected in a range of policy areas. In the following article, governing through partnerships is analysed in Swedish education policy around the turn of the millennium, where the notion of partnership has had a large impact. Using as its point of departure a theoretical perspective inspired by Michel Foucault, the article analyzes the calls for partnership in Swedish education policy as part of a set of governmental rationalities forming individuals into partnering, i.e. active and responsible, citizens. In the article, some of the long-term consequences of the uses of the concept of partnership in Swedish education policy are discussed, focusing particularly on issues of inclusion/exclusion and democratic regeneration. With the idea of governing through partnerships, it is argued that the political landscape is redrawn. The role of the State, for instance, is increasingly to leave room for various voluntary and independent actors and associations, to co-ordinate and interact, as a partner, among others, rather than directing society ‘from above’.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fejes, Andreas
(författare)
-
The Planetspeak Discourse of Lifelong Learning in Sweden: What is an Educable Adult?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 21:6, s. 697-716
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the idea of the educable adult subject in Sweden and the ways this idea has re-emerged in different practices during the twentieth century. It's a policy analysis where official documents from the twentieth century and early twenty-first century concerned with adult education in Sweden are analysed based on the Foucauldian notion of governmentality. The results show that the idea of the educable adult subject has been present during the major part of the twentieth century. But there are differences in how it is inscribed into the practices. The main difference is that the educable subject today is created in relation to a new rationality of governing where it is governed and constructed through its own choices and actions instead of through institutions based on knowledge produced by the social sciences and experts. Further, the ambition today is that everyone should be included in lifelong learning. At the same time, these ambitions also create exclusion. What happens to those who cannot or do not want to participate in lifelong learning? I argue that such practices of inclusion/exclusion are present in all the documents analysed, but that today, this practice has taken a specific shape.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hillman, Jan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bedside monitoring of CBF with xenon-CT and a mobile scanner : A novel method in neurointensive care
- 2005
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-8697 .- 1360-046X. ; 19:5, s. 395-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining previously independently established techniques our objective was to develop and evaluate a method for bedside qualitative assessment of cerebral blood flow in neurointensive care (NICU) patients. The CT-protocol was optimized using phantoms and comparing a mobile CT-scanner (Tomoscan-M, Philips) with two stationary CT scanners. Thirty-two per cent xenon was delivered with standard equipment (Enhancer 3000). Mean cortical flow in volunteers was 48 ml/min/100 g, with the mean vascular territorial flow varying between 45 and 66 ml/min/100 g. The potential clinical usefulness was illustrated in three patients with vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Our conclusion is that quantitative bedside measurements of CBF can be repeatedly performed in an easy and safe way in a standard NICU-setting, using xenon-inhalation and a mobile CT-scanner. The method is useful for the decision-making, and is a good example of how the quality of multi-modality monitoring in the NICU can be developed and further diversified. © The Neurosurgical Foundation.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sturnegk, Patrik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential use of quantitative bedside CBF monitoring (Xe-CT) for decision making in neurosurgical intensive care
- 2007
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-8697 .- 1360-046X. ; 21:4, s. 332-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a 3-year period, mobile xenon-computerized tomography (Xe-CT) for bedside quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow was used as an integrated tool for decision making during the care of complicated patients in our neurosurgical intensive care units (NSICU), in an attempt to make a preliminary evaluation regarding the usefulness of this method in routine work in the neurosurgical intensive care. With approximately 200 studies involving 75 patients, we identified six different categories where the use of bedside Xe-CT significantly influenced (or, with more experience, could have influenced) the decision making, or facilitated the handling of patients. These categories included identification of problems not apparent from other types of monitoring, avoidance of adverse effects from treatment, titration of standard treatments, evaluation of the vascular resistance reserve, assessment of adequate perfusion pressure and better utilization of resources from access to the bedside cerebral blood flow (CBF) technology. We conclude that quantitative bedside measurements of CBF could be an important addition to the diagnostic and monitoring arsenal of NSICU-tools. © The Neurosurgical Foundation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Aronsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Is cognitive impairment associated with reduced syntactic complexity in writing? Evidence from automated text analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Aphasiology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 35:7, s. 900-913
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Written language impairments are common in Alzheimers disease and reduced syntactic complexity in written discourse has been observed decades before the onset of dementia. The validity of average dependency distance (ADD), a measure of syntactic complexity, in cognitive decline needs to be studied further to evaluate its clinical relevance. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether ADD is associated with levels of cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients. Methods & procedures: We analyzed written texts collected in clinical practice from 114 participants with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimers disease during routine assessment at a memory clinic. ADD was measured using automated analysis methods consisting of a syntactic parser and a part-of-speech tagger. Outcomes & results: Our results show a significant association between ADD and levels of cognitive impairment, using ordinal logistic regression models. Conclusion: These results suggest that ADD is clinically relevant with regard to levels of cognitive impairment and indicate a diagnostic potential for ADD in cognitive assessment.
|
|
