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- Gao, Menghan, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of perinatal characteristics with endometriosis : a nationwide birth cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 49:2, s. 537-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Perinatal characteristics are associated with subsequent risk of several chronic diseases. Previous studies regarding endometriosis were based on small samples and retrospective data and were limited by unmeasured confounding bias, leading to conflicting and inconclusive findings. We investigated the associations of maternal and birth characteristics with risk of endometriosis among Swedish women of reproductive age. METHODS: This total-population register-based cohort study consisted of 628 312 singleton women born in Sweden between 1973 and 1987, who were followed for diagnosed endometriosis from age 15 years until the end of 2012. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to examine associations with perinatal characteristics. Residual unmeasured confounding was assessed through within-family and E-value analyses. RESULTS: During follow-up, 8262 women received an endometriosis diagnosis. There were clear dose-response/linear associations of endometriosis with lower maternal education, endometriosis in the mother [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04-2.46], maternal smoking during pregnancy (aHR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33 for moderate smoker and aHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18-1.57 for heavy smoker vs non-smoker), lower birthweight, and lower birthweight-for-gestational age (aHR: 0.93 per standard deviation increase, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). Within-family and E-value analyses suggested that these perinatal characteristics are robust predictors of the incidence of endometriosis. We also found that an estimated 26% of the association between maternal smoking and early-onset endometriosis could be explained by birthweight-for-gestational age. CONCLUSION: This study finds support for fetal origins of endometriosis, in that exposure to adverse environment or restricted development during the perinatal period may increase the risk. Further research is needed to provide an understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Manor, Orly, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight of infants and mortality in theirparents and grandparents : the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 39:5, s. 1264-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Individuals who are small at birth are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. To enhance understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association we examined the link between infants’ birth weight and mortality in their parents and grandparents. Methods We used the Uppsala birth cohort to examine all-cause and circulatory disease mortality among 14 129 mothers, 13 863 fathers, 3992 maternal and 3910 paternal grandmothers and 3896 maternal and 3798 paternal grandfathers. Follow-up time lasted up to 2002 with median of 21.6 years for parents and 47.8 years for grandparents. Results Hazard models controlling for socio-demographic characteristics indicated an inverse linear association between offspring’s birth weight and maternal circulatory disease mortality [hazards ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–0.99]. No association was observed for fathers. The association between birth weight of grandchildren and grandparental mortality varied. No association was detected for maternal grandmothers for the whole period examined; only among grandmothers whose grandchild was born prior to 1977 was a U-shaped association observed for circulatory disease mortality. There was a U-shaped association between birth weight of grandchildren and maternal grandfather’s overall and circulatory disease mortality (quadratic term: HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09). An inverse linear relationship was found for circulatory disease mortality in paternal grandmothers (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85–1.00). For paternal grandfathers there was an inverse association between grandchildren’s birth weight and overall mortality; for circulatory disease mortality an effect was found only for grandfathers whose grandchild was born prior to 1977. Conclusions We showed, for the first time, associations between fetal growth in one generation and mortality in the previous two generations. Genetic and/or environmental pathways accounting for these associations should be further explored.
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| 3. |
- Nyman Iliadou, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Familial factors confound the associationbetween maternal smoking during pregnancyand young adult offspring overweight
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 39:5, s. 1193-1202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risks of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with overweight and/or obesity in the offspring have also been suggested. We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overweight in early adulthood in young Swedish males born 1983–88. Methods In a population-based Swedish cohort comprising 124 203 singleton males born to Nordic mothers between 1983 and 1988, we examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of overweight in the offspring at age ∼18 years. We also investigated the association within siblings, controlling for common genes and shared environment. Results In the cohort analyses, the risk of overweight was increased in sons of smoking mothers compared with sons of non-smokers: adjusted odds ratios 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.49, and 1.56, 95% CI 1.46–1.66, for one to nine cigarettes per day, and >10 cigarettes per day, respectively. Stratifying for maternal smoking habits across two subsequent male pregnancies, there was an increased risk of overweight for the second son only if the mother was smoking in both male pregnancies. The effect of smoking during pregnancy on the offspring’s body mass index was not present when the association was evaluated within full and half sibling pairs. Conclusion The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring’s risk of overweight appears to be confounded by familial factors.
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| 5. |
- Sanchez-Niubo, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a common scale for measuring healthy ageing across the world : results from the ATHLOS consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 50:3, s. 880-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research efforts to measure the concept of healthy ageing have been diverse and limited to specific populations. This diversity limits the potential to compare healthy ageing across countries and/or populations. In this study, we developed a novel measurement scale of healthy ageing using worldwide cohorts.METHODS: In the Ageing Trajectories of Health-Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, data from 16 international cohorts were harmonized. Using ATHLOS data, an item response theory (IRT) model was used to develop a scale with 41 items related to health and functioning. Measurement heterogeneity due to intra-dataset specificities was detected, applying differential item functioning via a logistic regression framework. The model accounted for specificities in model parameters by introducing cohort-specific parameters that rescaled scores to the main scale, using an equating procedure. Final scores were estimated for all individuals and converted to T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.RESULTS: A common scale was created for 343 915 individuals above 18 years of age from 16 studies. The scale showed solid evidence of concurrent validity regarding various sociodemographic, life and health factors, and convergent validity with healthy life expectancy (r = 0.81) and gross domestic product (r = 0.58). Survival curves showed that the scale could also be predictive of mortality.CONCLUSIONS: The ATHLOS scale, due to its reliability and global representativeness, has the potential to contribute to worldwide research on healthy ageing.
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