| 1. |
- Kouros, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament, but not childhood trauma, distinguishes borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder and ADHD
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 78:1, s. 79-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate if temperament and experience of childhood trauma differed between young psychiatric patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsDiagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I and Axis II. Temperament was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and childhood trauma by the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR-SF). Temperament and childhood trauma were compared between the BPD group (n = 19) and the non-BPD group (BD/ADHD) (n = 95). Interactions between trauma and temperament were evaluated using a logistic regression model with a BPD diagnosis as outcome variable.ResultsParticipants in the BPD group showed higher novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). Traumatic experiences in childhood were common but the BPD group differed very little from the others in this regard. The interaction between temperament and trauma had low explanatory power for a BPD diagnosis in this sample.ConclusionTemperament might be useful to distinguish BPD when symptoms of impulsivity and affective instability are evaluated in psychiatric patients. The results from the interaction analysis support the multifactorial background to BPD.
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| 2. |
- Lenninger, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in patterns of alcohol consumption in young psychiatric outpatients : two comparable samples assessed with 10 years apart
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:8, s. 747-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Over the past 20 years, a trend towards non-drinking and less use of alcohol has been reported among young adults. This study aimed to investigate if a similar trend in alcohol consumption can be seen among young adult psychiatric outpatients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on two comparable samples of young adult (18-25 years) psychiatric outpatients recruited approximately 10 years apart in 2002-2003 (N = 197) and 2012-2016 (N = 380). The Swedish version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess alcohol consumption. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on diagnostic interviews. Differences between the two samples in alcohol consumption and a number of alcohol-use disorder diagnoses were analysed. Cramer's V was chosen as the effect size measure.RESULTS: Mean AUDIT scores and prevalence of diagnosed alcohol-use disorder in the two samples did not differ significantly. The number of non-drinkers was larger among patients in the mid-2010s (15.8% vs. 8.1%; χ2 = 6.76, p < 0.01, Φ = 0.11), but when non-drinkers were excluded, the alcohol consumption was higher among females in the later sample.CONCLUSION: The mean level of alcohol consumption seems not to have changed to the same extent among young psychiatric patients as in the general population. However, some young psychiatric patients have followed the trend of non-drinking, while others consume more alcohol. Further studies on both non-drinking and high alcohol consumption in psychiatric patients are needed to understand their mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Midhage, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish self-rated 36-item version of WHODAS 2.0 for use in psychiatric populations - using classical test theory.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 75:7, s. 494-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the self-rated 36-item WHODAS 2.0 in patients from Swedish psychiatric outpatient settings, using classical test theory.Methods The 36-item WHODAS 2.0, together with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), was filled in by a sample of 780 participating psychiatric patients: 512 (65.6%) women, 263 (33.7%) men, and 5 (0.6%) who did not report any sex.Results The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, for the different domains of functioning were between 0.70 and 0.94, and interpreted as good. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed two levels: the first level consisted of a general disability factor, while the second level consisted of the six domains of the scale, respectively. The model had borderline fit. There was a significant correlation between WHODAS 2.0 36-item and SDS (n = 395). The WHODAS 2.0 differed significantly between diagnostic groups.Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the Swedish self-rated 36-item version of WHODAS 2.0, within a psychiatric outpatient population, showed good reliability and convergent validity. We conclude that the self-rated 36-item Swedish version of WHODAS 2.0 can be used for valid interpretations of disability in patients with psychiatric health conditions.
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| 4. |
- Ramklint, Mia, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the self-rated 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a measure of functioning in Swedish psychiatric outpatients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:3, s. 276-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate concurrent validity of the Swedish self-rated 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 by comparison with professional Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) ratings in psychiatric outpatients.Material and methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 444 patients was recruited from their regular psychiatric outpatient settings. The patients filled out the WHODAS 2.0; their clinicians provided clinical information and performed GAF ratings blinded to the patients' assessments. Analyses of correlations, variance components, and ROC curves were performed to investigate the validity of the WHODAS 2.0 through comparison with the GAF. The variance component analyses included working status, psychosocial problems, number of diagnostic groups, and remission status. GAF ratings were separated as total (GAF-T), symptoms (GAF-S), and functioning (GAF-F).Results: There was significant correlation (p < 0.001) between WHODAS 2.0 total and domain scores and GAF-S, GAF-F, and GAF-T ratings. The correlations varied from r = 0.29 to r = 0.48, with the highest being between GAF-F rating and WHODAS 2.0 total score. Repeating the analyses for separate diagnostic groups replicated the findings, though not for psychotic, substance-related, and eating disorders. The WHODAS 2.0 showed good ability to distinguish impaired functioning below a fixed GAF-T cut-off of 70 (area under the curve: 0.74-0.78). The explained variance was lower for the WHODAS 2.0 than for the GAF (38.9% vs. 59.2%).Conclusions: Concurrent validity was found when comparing the Swedish self-administered 36-item version of WHODAS 2.0 with the expert-rated GAF in psychiatric outpatients.
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| 5. |
- Sonnby, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric validation of two versions of the adolescent Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS-A and DSRS-A Screener).
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:3, s. 233-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Examination of psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Adolescents (DSRS-A) as well as development and evaluations of a shorter version, DSRS-A-Screener.METHODS: Analyses of component structure and internal consistency were performed in a community-based sample of adolescents N = 4,506 and among consecutive outpatients from three child psychiatric settings in Sweden (n = 137). Concurrent validity was measured as a correlation between a summation index of the scale items and the total major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom severity score from the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Diagnostic accuracy was examined in the clinical sample, with the K-SADS interview as the reference test, by receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC), calculations of sensitivity, specificity among other measures. With the purpose to select items for a shorter scale, associations between scale items and MDD were examined with binary logistic regression. This shorter scale was thereafter examined similarly.RESULTS: Based on association with MDD, five items were selected for the brief DSRS-A Screener that showed one component structure, internal consistency Cronbach's alpha .80 and.82, respectively. In the clinical population concurrent validity was Spearman's rho .63 and ROC analysis showed AUC .84 (95% CI .78-.91; p < .001). The optimal cut-off for screening was 2 with sensitivity .85 and specificity of .64.CONCLUSION: The DSRS-A Screener compared to the original scale, maintained or improved reliability, validity, and showed moderate diagnostic accuracy.
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| 6. |
- Vasiljevic, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Brief internet-delivered skills training based on DBT for adults with borderline personality disorder : a feasibility study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:1, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in emotions, relationships, and behaviors, such as self-injury and suicidal behavior. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is an established intervention for BPD, but there are long waiting times for treatment. This study aimed to explore if a brief internet-delivered DBT skills training program with minimal therapist support is acceptable, that it can be administered, useful, and does not do harm for patients with BPD.METHODS: Acceptability was measured through data on recruitment and attrition, utilization of the intervention, reported impulses to drop out, and through ratings on self-injury and suicidality. Participants were interviewed about their experiences of the intervention; analyzed with content analysis.RESULTS: Twenty patients on the waiting list for treatment at a DBT-clinic were invited and nine female patients (age 19-37 years) volunteered. The participants completed a large part of the intervention, which did not appear harmful since ratings of suicidal and self-harming behavior were similar before and after the intervention. In the interviews, participants stated that they had gained new knowledge and skills to manage situations, e.g. to stop and think before acting. Some even reported decreased levels of self-injury. The time spent on patient contact was short, and some patients reported difficulties to practice on their own and requested more support.CONCLUSIONS: The intervention seems to be acceptable. Future studies should investigate in what ways some BPD patients are more susceptible to internet-delivered skills training than others, and if this intervention could be delivered within a stepped-care model.
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