| 1. |
- Claesson, Lisbeth, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive impairment after stroke - impact on activities of daily living and costs of care for elderly people. The Göteborg 70+ Stroke Study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 19:2, s. 102-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The economic burden of stroke is substantial and is likely to increase with an increasing number of elderly individuals in the population. There is thus a need for information on the use of health care resources and costs among these elderly stroke patients. We examined the impact of the cognitive impairments on the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and utilization and costs of health care in a cohort of elderly stroke patients. METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine patients aged >/=70 years with acute stroke were included. The patients were assessed regarding their ability to carry out ADL and health resource utilization and cost during the first year after stroke. Cognitive impairments were assessed 18 months after the index stroke. RESULTS: Stroke severity in acute stroke and cognitive impairment at 18 months after stroke onset was associated with impairment in ADL and increased costs for utilisation of care during the first year. Patients with cognitive impairment were more dependent on personal assistance in ADL. Costs per patient during the study were three times higher for patients with cognitive impairment. Hospital care, institutional living and different kinds of support from society accounted for the highest costs. CONCLUSIONS: Costs of care utilisation during the first year after stroke were associated with cognitive impairments, stroke severity and dependence in ADL. The results should be interpreted cautiously as the assessment of cognitive function was made 18 months after stroke onset and costs were estimated for the first year after stroke.
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| 2. |
- Holm, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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N-Terminal Prosomatostatin and Risk of Vascular Dementia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 44:5-6, s. 259-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increased somatostatin plasma concentration has been found in patients with vascular dementia. However, it is unknown whether or not somatostatin levels may predict dementia development in the general population. To this end, we sought to assess the association of circulating N-terminal prosomatostatin (NT-proSST) with incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: In the prospective population-based Malmö Preventive Project, 5,347 study participants (mean age: 69 ± 6years; 70% men) provided plasma for the determination of NT-proSST concentration. Of these, 373 participants (7%) were diagnosed with dementia (120 Alzheimer's disease, 83 vascular, 102 mixed, and 68 other aetiology) during a follow-up period of 4.6 ± 1.3 years. The association of NT-proSST with the risk of dementia and its subtypes was studied using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, diabetes, lipid levels and prevalent stroke.RESULTS: Higher levels of NT-proSST were significantly associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD: 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.59; p = 0.016), whereas no association was observed with Alzheimer's disease (HR per 1 SD: 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.20; p = 0.91), all-cause dementia (HR per 1 SD: 1.04; 95% CI 0.94-1.16; p = 0.44), and mixed dementia (HR per 1 SD: 0.98; 95% CI 0.79-1.21; p = 0.84). Levels of NT-proSST above 563 pmol/L (highest quartile) conferred distinctly increased risk of vascular dementia (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.05-2.63; p = 0.029) compared with lower values.CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of circulating N-terminal-prosomatostatin are associated with increased incidence of vascular dementia. Our findings might be of importance for the understanding of dementia development in older adults.
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| 3. |
- Appelros, Peter, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Stroke Treatment and Outcome between 1995 and 2010 : Observations from Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 37:1, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Continuous changes in stroke treatment and care, as well as changes in stroke characteristics, may alter stroke outcome over time. The aim of this paper is to describe time trends for treatment and outcome data, and to discuss if any such changes could be attributed to quality changes in stroke care. Methods: Data from Riks-Stroke, the Swedish stroke register, were analyzed for the time period of 1995 through 2010. The total number of patients included was 320,181. The following parameters were included: use of computed tomography (CT), stroke unit care, thrombolysis, medication before and after the stroke, length of stay in hospital, and discharge destination. Three months after stroke, data regarding walking, toileting and dressing ability, as well social situation, were gathered. Survival status after 7, 27 and 90 days was registered. Results: In 1995, 53.9% of stroke patients were treated in stroke units. In 2010 this proportion had increased to 87.5%. Fewer patients were discharged to geriatric or rehabilitation departments in later years (23.6% in 2001 compared with 13.4% in 2010), but more were discharged directly home (44.2 vs. 52.4%) or home with home rehabilitation (0 vs. 10.7%). The need for home help service increased from 18.2% in 1995 to 22.1% in 2010. Regarding prevention, more patients were on warfarin, antihypertensives and statins both before and after the stroke. The functional outcome measures after 3 months did improve from 2001 to 2010. In 2001, 83.8% of patients were walking independently, while 85.6% were independent in 2010. For toileting, independence increased from 81.2 to 84.1%, and for dressing from 78.0 to 80.4%. Case fatality (CF) rates after 3 months increased from 18.7% (2001) to 20.0% (2010). This trend is driven by patients with severe strokes. Conclusions: Stroke outcomes may change over a relatively short time period. In some ways, the quality of care has improved. More stroke patients have CT, more patients are treated in stroke units and more have secondary prevention. Patients with milder strokes may have benefited more from these measures than patients with severe strokes. Increased CF rates for patients with severe stroke may be caused by shorter hospital stays, shorter in-hospital rehabilitation periods and lack of suitable care after discharge from hospital.
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| 4. |
- Cruz-Rojas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and incidence of Carotid-Fetal-Posterior syndrome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 52:6, s. 643-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Carotid-Fetal-Posterior (CFP) syndrome is a posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory ischemic stroke/TIA caused by symptomatic >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion via fetal posterior communicating artery. We aimed to assess the incidence of CFP syndrome and prevalence of CFP syndrome among symptomatic >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion as these are unknown. Methods: We reassessed consecutive CTAs from 4042 persons, and included locally admitted patients with >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion. These were assessed for symptoms and signs of possible posterior circulation stroke/TIA (suspicion of CFP syndrome). Among these, those with unilateral PCA territory stroke/TIA, ipsilateral stenosis and fetal/fetal type PCA were considered CFP syndrome. Results: We included 208 locally admitted patients with >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion, 33 (16%) patients had suspicion of CFP syndrome, of which 3 (9%) had CFP syndrome. The prevalence of CFP syndrome was 2.9% of symptomatic >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion; incidence was 4.23 per 1 000 000 person-years. Also, we found a lower prevalence of CFP-syndrome (0.9%, p=0.047) among referred patients with symptomatic >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion than among locally admitted patients with symptomatic >= 50% carotid stenosis or occlusion. Discussion/Conclusion: CFP syndrome has a low incidence and low prevalence among symptomatic carotid stenosis cases. Given lower prevalence of CFP syndrome among referred cases than local, CFP-syndrome seems susceptible to underdiagnosis. On the other hand, few cases with suspicion of CFP syndrome had CFP syndrome, why CFP syndrome also seems susceptible to overdiagnosis if detailed assessment is not employed.
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| 5. |
- Glader, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced inequality in access to stroke unit care over time : A 15-year follow-up of socioeconomic disparities in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 36:5-6, s. 407-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the compelling scientific evidence on the superiority of stroke unit care, far from all acute stroke patients have access to stroke unit care. In congruence with what has been observed when other new methods are introduced in health care, we hypothesized that there has been an inequality in the buildup phase of stroke units but that the gradients between patient groups have decreased as the total capacity of stroke unit care has increased. The purpose of this study was to explore if patients in a national sample who were socioeconomically disadvantaged (low education or low income) had reduced access to stroke unit care and if differences varied over time. Methods: All patients 18-74 years of age registered between 1995 and 2009 in Riks-Stroke, the Swedish stroke register, were included. The Stroke Unit Trialists' definition of a stroke unit has been adopted by Riks-Stroke and hospitals participating in the registry. Basic patient characteristics, stroke risk factors, process and outcome variables are recorded in Riks-Stroke. Socioeconomic data were accessed from Statistics Sweden. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for stroke unit care between prespecified patient subgroups. Results: A total of 319,240 stroke patients were included in Riks-Stroke during the years 1995-2009, and 124,173 were aged between 18 and 74 years; they were included in the final analyses. After adjustment for confounders in a multiple regression model, women were treated in stroke units slightly less often [OR 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99]. There were no statistically significant associations between stroke unit care and age or between stroke unit care and cohabiting or living alone. The highest level of education predicted access to stroke unit care (secondary vs. primary school: OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07; university vs. primary school: OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10). Differences according to level of education diminished over time (p = 0.001). Income was not independently associated with stroke unit care, and over time the proportion of patients treated in stroke units increased at a similar rate in all income groups (p = 0.12). Conclusions: Even in a country with modest socioeconomic differences in the general population and public financing of all acute hospital care, socioeconomic inequalities in access to stroke unit care were evident during the early years, but they diminished as the total capacity for stroke unit care increased.
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| 6. |
- Jansen, O, et al.
(författare)
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Neurothrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: results from the TREVO study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 36:3, s. 218-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Fast recanalization has been shown to be one of the most important factors for good clinical outcome in stroke patients with acute large vessel occlusion. While intravenous thrombolysis has been shown to be of limited effect in patients with large clot burden, intra-arterial neurothrombectomy offers a new and promising possibility to achieve high recanalization rates within a short time. The Trevo device is a stent-like retriever and was primarily designed to remove thrombus in patients experiencing an acute ischemic stroke. We report on the results of the TREVO Study, which was a prospective, multicenter study in acute stroke patients treated with the Trevo device. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients were recruited in seven European centers under the control of an external monitor. Centers were selected because of their long experience with interventional stroke therapy especially with neurothrombectomy. We included adults aged 18-85 years with angiographically confirmed large vessel occlusion strokes and NIHSS scores of 8-30 and treatable within 8 h of symptom onset. The primary endpoint was revascularization, defined as at least TICI (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction) 2a. The revascularization scores were assessed by an independent core lab. Secondary endpoints were clinical outcome at 90 days (mRS 90), any device-related serious adverse events and the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 60 patients were enrolled. The overall recanalization rate (≥TICI 2a) was 91.7% and TICI 2b and 3 was achieved in 78.3%. At 90 days, 55% of the patients had a favorable neurological outcome (mRS 0-2) and 20% had died. Patients with successful recanalization (TICI 2a,b/3) had a good 90-day neurological outcome (mRS 0-2) in 60%, whereas no patient without recanalization had a mRS 90 <3. The overall rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage according to the SITS-MOST criteria was 5% (3/60). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The study suggest that the Trevo Stentriever™ is a safe and effective device, which may offer the possibility of a high reperfusion rate and a high rate of patients with good clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke due to proximal arterial occlusion. Randomized trials comparing intravenous thrombolysis with neurothrombectomy are now urgently needed to evaluate this new approach of interventional stroke therapy.
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| 7. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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High leptin levels are associated with stroke
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 15:1-2, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: Leptin, an important hormone for body weight regulation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular manifestations of obesity. We tested whether leptin may be an independent risk marker for stroke in a case-referent study. Methods: Definitive acute stroke events, defined by MONICA criteria, were identified from October 1, 1995 to April 30, 1999. Referents without known cardiovascular disease were randomly selected from a population census. Patient characteristics were taken from hospital files and leptin was analyzed in stored samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine possible differences in leptin levels between groups. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven cases with ischemic stroke and 69 cases with hemorrhagic stroke were identified. In comparison with referents, male patients with stroke had significantly higher leptin levels. Both male and female stroke patients had increased blood pressure compared with the referents. In multivariate analyses, high leptin levels were associated with both ischemic (OR = 4.89; 95% CI: 1.89-12.62) and hemorrhagic (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.13-13.16) stroke in men, and with ischemic stroke in women (OR = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.45-11.62). The combination of high leptin levels and increased blood pressure (systolic or diastolic) was associated with a strong positive interaction in males with hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Leptin may be an important link for the development of cerebrovascular disease in the insulin resistance syndrome in men. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 8. |
- Appelros, Peter, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Risk of Stroke after Transient Ischemic Attack
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 43:1-2, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the absence of active management, the stroke risk after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be high. Almost 10 years ago, the results of the EXPRESS and SOS-TIA studies called for a more rapid management of TIA patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the other stroke risks in the longer term, after the implementation of a more active approach to TIA. We also wanted to assess the predictive value of the ABCD2 score in this context.Methods: Riksstroke is the national stroke registry in Sweden. Data from Riksstroke's TIA module, and the national cause-of-death register, for the years 2011 and 2012 were used in this study. Stroke occurrence was monitored via Riksstroke. Cox's regression was used for risk evaluation. The predictive value of the ABCD2 score was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve.Results: A total of 15,068 TIA episodes occurred in 14,102 patients. The follow-up time varied between 0 and 819 days, with an average of 417 days. The mortality for all TIA patients during the follow-up time was 7.1%. Of the unique patients, 545 had one or more strokes (3.9%), corresponding to 34 events per 1,000 person years. Significant risk factors for stroke were: age, previous TIA, atrial fibrillation (AF), oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment, hypertension treatment, and the ABCD2 items speech impairment, unilateral weakness, and diabetes mellitus. The ABCD2 score correlated with a subsequent stroke, but its predictive value was low.Conclusion: The risk of stroke is low after the acute phase of a TIA, probably lower than in previous studies. This may be due to better secondary prevention in recent years. Several risk factors predict stroke, notably hypertensive treatment, which may be inadequate; and AF, where OACs may be under-used. It is difficult to identify the role of the ABCD2 score in clinical practice.
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| 9. |
- Broeren, Jurgen, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual rehabilitation in an activity centre for community-dwelling persons with stroke. The possibilities of 3-dimensional computer games.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 26:3, s. 289-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to place a virtual reality (VR) system, designed to assess and to promote motor performance in the affected upper extremity in subjects after stroke, in a nonhospital environment. We also wanted to investigate if playing computer games resulted in improved motor function in persons with prior stroke. METHODS: The intervention involved 11 patients after stroke who received extra rehabilitation by training on a computer 3 times a week during a 4-week period. The control group involved 11 patients after stroke who continued their previous rehabilitation (no extra computer training) during this period. The mean age of all was 68 years (range = 47-85) and the average time after stroke 66 months (range = 15-140). The VR training consisted of challenging games, which provided a range of difficulty levels that allow practice to be fun and motivating. An additional group of 11 right-handed aged matched individuals without history of neurological or psychiatric illnesses served as reference subjects. RESULTS: All the participants reported that they were novel computer game players. After an initial introduction they learned to use the VR system quickly. The treatment group demonstrated improvements in motor outcome for the trained upper extremity, but this was not detected in real-life activities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research suggest the usefulness of computer games in training motor performance. VR can be used beneficially not only by younger participants but also by older persons to enhance their motor performance after stroke.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Gunnel, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of mild stroke in persons <75 years -- a 1-year follow-up.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 16:4, s. 383-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mild strokes can be neglected regarding subtle sequels as fatigue, and cognitive and emotional changes. We have addressed this topic by exploring late consequences of an initially mild stroke (Barthel score >or=50). Accordingly, we assayed impairment, disability and handicap data 1 year after the first-ever stroke in persons <75 years, focusing on symptoms as fatigue, concentration difficulties, memory disturbances, emotional lability, stress resistance, anxiety and uneasiness, symptoms comprised in the astheno-emotional disorder (AED), and its relation to life satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean value of the Barthel Index was 99.5 (SD 0.5) and 25% scored 0-1 on the Oxford Handicap Scale. AED was diagnosed in 71% of the patients, and fatigue was experienced by 72%. AED correlated significantly with life satisfaction, handicap and depression. Life satisfaction was significantly below that of norm values according to satisfaction with life as a whole, sex life and ability to manage selfcare. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize that 'hidden dysfunctions' not so easily discovered within the hospital context are common consequences of mild stroke. The concept of mild stroke as principally founded in motor function or ability in P-ADL therefore seems to be insufficient with respect to the patient long-term perspective.
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