| 1. |
- Gottlieb, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Making Sense of Intratumor Genetic Heterogeneity : Altered Frequency of Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length Variants in Breast Cancer Tissues
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 34:4, s. 610-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the significance of intratumor genetic heterogeneity (ITGH) of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in breast cancer, patient-matched samples of laser capture microdissected breast tumor cells, adjacent normal breast epithelia cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes were sequenced using a novel next generation sequencing protocol. This protocol measured the frequency of distribution of a variable AR CAG repeat length, a functional polymorphism associated with breast cancer risk. All samples exhibited some degree of ITGH with up to 30 CAG repeat length variants identified. Each type of tissue exhibited a different distribution profile of CAG repeat lengths with substantial differences in the frequencies of zero and 1825 CAG AR variants. Tissue differences in the frequency of ARs with each of these CAG repeat lengths were significant as measured by paired, twin t-tests. These results suggest that preferential selection of 1825 CAG repeat length variants in breast tumors may be associated with breast cancer, and support the observation that shorter CAG repeats may protect against breast cancer. They also suggest that merely identifying variant genes will be insufficient to determine the critical mutational events of oncogenesis, which will require measuring the frequency of distribution of mutations within cancerous and matching normal tissues.
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| 2. |
- Lahermo, P, et al.
(författare)
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A quality assessment survey of SNP genotyping laboratories
- 2006
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 27:7, s. 711-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To survey the quality of SNP genotyping, a joint Nordic quality assessment (QA) round was organized between 11 laboratories in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The QA round involved blinded genotyping of 47 DNA samples for 18 or six randomly selected SNPs. The methods used by the participating laboratories included all major platforms for small- to medium-size SNP genotyping. The laboratories used their standard procedures for SNP assay design, genotyping, and quality control. Based on the joint results from all laboratories, a consensus genotype for each DNA sample and SNP was determined by the coordinator of the survey, and the results from each laboratory were compared to this genotype. The overall genotyping accuracy achieved in the survey was excellent. Six laboratories delivered genotype data that were in full agreement with the consensus genotype. The average accuracy per SNP varied from 99.1 to 100% between the laboratories, and it was frequently 100% for the majority of the assays for which SNP genotypes were reported. Lessons from the survey are that special attention should be given to the quality of the DNA samples prior to genotyping, and that a conservative approach for calling the genotypes should be used to achieve a high accuracy.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Cytogenetically Balanced Chromosome Translocations Identifies Potentially Pathological Gene Disruptions and Highlights the Importance of Microhomology in the Mechanism of Formation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 38:2, s. 180-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most balanced translocations are thought to result mechanistically from nonhomologous end joining or, in rare cases of recurrent events, by nonallelic homologous recombination. Here, we use low-coverage mate pair whole-genome sequencing to fine map rearrangement breakpoint junctions in both phenotypically normal and affected translocation carriers. In total, 46 junctions from 22 carriers of balanced translocations were characterized. Genes were disrupted in 48% of the breakpoints; recessive genes in four normal carriers and known dominant intellectual disability genes in three affected carriers. Finally, seven candidate disease genes were disrupted in five carriers with neurocognitive disabilities (SVOPL, SUSD1, TOX, NCALD, SLC4A10) and one XX-male carrier with Tourette syndrome (LYPD6, GPC5). Breakpoint junction analyses revealed microhomology and small templated insertions in a substantive fraction of the analyzed translocations (17.4%; n = 4); an observation that was substantiated by reanalysis of 37 previously published translocation junctions. Microhomology associated with templated insertions is a characteristic seen in the breakpoint junctions of rearrangements mediated by error-prone replication-based repair mechanisms. Our data implicate that a mechanism involving template switching might contribute to the formation of at least 15% of the interchromosomal translocation events.
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| 4. |
- Pettersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Allelotyping by massively parallel pyrosequencing of SNP-carrying trinucleotide threads
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 29:2, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present an approach for allelotyping combining the multiplexing features of the trinucleotide threading (TnT) method with pooling of genomic DNA and massively parallel pyrosequencing, enabling reliable allele frequency estimation in large cohorts. The approach offers several benefits as compared to array-based methods and allows undertaking highly complex studies without compromising accuracy, while keeping the workload to a minimum. This proof-of-concept study involves formation of trinucleotide threads, targeting a total of 147 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity and cancer, for multiplex amplification and allele extraction from a pool of 462 genomes, followed by massively parallel pyrosequencing. Approximately 177k reads were approved, identified, and assigned to SNP-carrying threads rendering representative allele frequencies in the cohort.
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| 5. |
- Rasi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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PatientMatcher : A customizable Python-based open-source tool for matching undiagnosed rare disease patients via the Matchmaker Exchange network
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Wiley. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 43:6, s. 708-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of data available from genomic medicine has revolutionized the approach to identify the determinants underlying many rare diseases. The task of confirming a genotype–phenotype causality for a patient affected with a rare genetic disease is often challenging. In this context, the establishment of the Matchmaker Exchange (MME) network has assumed a pivotal role in bridging heterogeneous patient information stored on different medical and research servers. MME has made it possible to solve rare disease cases by “matching” the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of a patient of interest with patient data available at other clinical facilities participating in the network. Here, we present PatientMatcher (https://github.com/Clinical-Genomics/patientMatcher), an open-source Python and MongoDB-based software solution developed by Clinical Genomics facility at the Science for Life Laboratory in Stockholm. PatientMatcher is designed as a standalone MME server, but can easily communicate via REST API with external applications managing genetic analyses and patient data. The MME node is being implemented in clinical routine in collaboration with the Genomic Medicine Center Karolinska at the Karolinska University Hospital. PatientMatcher is written to implement the MME API and provides several customizable settings, including a custom-fit similarity score algorithm and adjustable matching results notifications.
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