| 1. |
- Almkvist, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Cognitive Decline across Four Decades in Mutation Carriers and Non-carriers in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 23:3, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive performance including preclinical and clinical disease course in carriers and non-carriers of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (adAD) in relation to multiple predictors, that is, linear and non-linear estimates of years to expected clinical onset of disease, years of education and age. Methods: Participants from five families with early-onset autosomal-dominant mutations (Swedish and Arctic APP, PSEN1 M146V, H163Y, and I143T) included 35 carriers (28 without dementia and 7 with) and 44 non-carriers. All participants underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including neuropsychological assessment at the Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. The time span of disease course covered four decades of the preclinical and clinical stages of dementia. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess premorbid and current global cognition, verbal and visuospatial functions, short-term and episodic memory, attention, and executive function. Results: In carriers, the time-related curvilinear trajectory of cognitive function across disease stages was best fitted to a formulae with three predictors: years to expected clinical onset (linear and curvilinear components), and years of education. In non-carriers, the change was minimal and best predicted by two predictors: education and age. The trajectories for carriers and non-carriers began to diverge approximately 10 years before the expected clinical onset in episodic memory, executive function, and visuospatial function. Conclusions: The curvilinear trajectory of cognitive functions across disease stages was mimicked by three predictors in carriers. In episodic memory, executive and visuospatial functions, the point of diverging trajectories occurred approximately 10 years ahead of the clinical onset compared to non-carriers.
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| 2. |
- Guath, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Pupillary response in reward processing in adults with major depressive disorder in remission
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 29:3, s. 306-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impaired reward processing and reward learning. The literature is inconclusive regarding whether these impairments persist after remission. The current study examined reward processing during a probabilistic learning task in individuals in remission from MDD (n = 19) and never depressed healthy controls (n = 31) matched for age and sex. The outcome measures were pupil dilation (an indirect index of noradrenergic activity and arousal) and computational modeling parameters.Method:Participants completed two versions (facial/nonfacial feedback) of probabilistic reward learning task with changing contingencies. Pupil dilation was measured with a corneal reflection eye tracker. The hypotheses and analysis plan were preregistered.Result:Healthy controls had larger pupil dilation following losses than gains (p <.001), whereas no significant difference between outcomes was found in individuals with a history of MDD, resulting in an interaction between group and outcome (beta = 0.81, SE = 0.34, t = 2.37, p = .018). The rMDD group also achieved lower mean score at the last trial (t[46.77] = 2.12, p = .040) as well as a smaller proportion of correct choices (t[46.70] = 2.09, p = .041) compared with healthy controls.Conclusion:Impaired reward processing may persist after remission from MDD and could constitute a latent risk factor for relapse. Measuring pupil dilation in a reward learning task is a promising method for identifying reward processing abnormalities linked to MDD. The task is simple and noninvasive, which makes it feasible for clinical research.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Laukka, Erika J., et al.
(författare)
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Preclinical Cognitive Trajectories Differ for Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 18:2, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated differences between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) from the appearance of the first cognitive symptoms, focusing on both time of onset and rate of accelerated decline for different cognitive functions before dementia diagnosis. Data from a longitudinal population-based study were used, including 914 participants (mean age = 82.0 years, SD = 5.0) tested with a cognitive battery (word recall and recognition, Block Design, category fluency, clock reading) on up to four occasions spanning 10 years. We fit a series of linear mixed effects models with a change point to the cognitive data, contrasting each dementia group to a control group. Significant age-related decline was observed for all five cognitive tasks. Relative to time of diagnosis, the preclinical AD persons deviated from the normal aging curve earlier (up to 9 years) compared to the preclinical VaD persons (up to 6 years). However, once the preclinical VaD persons started to decline, they deteriorated at a faster rate than the preclinical AD persons. The results have important implications for identifying the two dementia disorders at an early stage and for selecting cognitive tasks to evaluate treatment effects for persons at risk of developing AD and VaD.
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| 5. |
- Lipinska, B, et al.
(författare)
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Feeling-of-knowing in fact retrieval: further evidence for preservation in early Alzheimer's disease
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 2:4, s. 350-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to retrieve and monitor factual information varying in datedness (i.e., dated vs. contemporary) was examined in healthy older adults and patients in an early phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjects were given free recall and multiple-choice recognition tests of 48 general knowledge questions. For all questions not responded to in recall, subjects made fecling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments. Results indicated dementia-related deficits in both recall and recognition, although both groups showed better recall and recognition with the dated compared with the contemporary questions. Importantly, despite deficits in fact retrieval, the AD patients showed intact monitoring of stored knowledge, as indicated by equivalent FOK accuracy for both groups. In addition, FOK accuracy was similar for the dated and the contemporary information in both groups, suggesting independence between level of general knowledge and the ability to supervise information stored in memory. (JINS, 1996, 2, 350–358.)
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| 6. |
- Nelson, L. D., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the structure of acute sport-related concussion symptoms : A bifactor approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 24:8, s. 793-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Concussions cause diverse symptoms that are often measured through a single symptom severity score. Researchers have postulated distinct dimensions of concussion symptoms, raising the possibility that total scores may not accurately represent their multidimensional nature. This study examined to what degree concussion symptoms, assessed by the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), reflect a unidimensional versus multidimensional construct to inform how the SCAT3 should be scored and advance efforts to identify distinct phenotypes of concussion.Methods: Data were aggregated across two prospective studies of sport-related concussion, yielding 219 high school and college athletes in the acute (<48 hr) post-injury period. Item-level ratings on the SCAT3 checklist were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We specified higher-order and bifactor models and compared their fit, inter-pretability, and external correlates.Results: The best-fitting model was a five-factor bifactor model that included a general factor on which all items loaded and four specific factors reflecting emotional symptoms, torpor, sensory sensitivities, and headache symptoms. The bifactor model demonstrated better discriminant validity than the counterpart higher-order model, in which the factors were highly correlated (r = .55-.91).Conclusions: The SCAT3 contains items that appear unidimensional, suggesting that it is appropriate to quantify concussion symptoms with total scores. However, evidence of multidimensionality was revealed using bifactor modeling. Additional work is needed to clarify the nature of factors identified by this model, explicate their clinical and research utility, and determine to what degree the model applies to other stages of injury recovery and patient subgroups.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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White matter and cognitive decline in aging : a focus on processing speed and variability.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 20:3, s. 262-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- White matter (WM) change plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline. In this review, we consider methodological advances with particular relevance to the role of WM in age-related changes in processing speed. In this context, intra-individual variability in processing speed performance has emerged as a sensitive proxy of cognitive and neurological decline while neuroimaging techniques used to assess WM change have become increasingly more sensitive. Together with a carefully designed task protocol, we emphasize that the combined implementation of intra-individual variability and neuroimaging techniques hold promise for specifying the WM-processing speed relationship with implications for normative and clinical samples.
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| 8. |
- Payton, Nicola M., et al.
(författare)
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Combining Cognitive Markers to Identify Individuals at Increased Dementia Risk : Influence of Modifying Factors and Time to Diagnosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 26:8, s. 785-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We investigated the extent to which combining cognitive markers increases the predictive value for future dementia, when compared to individual markers. Furthermore, we examined whether predictivity of markers differed depending on a range of modifying factors and time to diagnosis. Method: Neuropsychological assessment was performed for 2357 participants (60þ years) without dementia from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. In the main sample analyses, the outcome was dementia at 6 years. In the time-todiagnosis analyses, a subsample of 407 participants underwent cognitive testing 12, 6, and 3 years before diagnosis, with dementia diagnosis at the 12-year follow-up. Results: Category fluency was the strongest individual predictor of dementia 6 years before diagnosis [area under the curve (AUC) = .903]. The final model included tests of verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed (AUC = .913); these three domains were found to be the most predictive across a range of different subgroups. Twelve years before diagnosis, pattern comparison (perceptual speed) was the strongest individual predictor (AUC = .686). However, models 12 years before diagnosis did not show significantly increased predictivity above that of the covariates. Conclusions: This study shows that combining markers from different cognitive domains leads to increased accuracy in predicting future dementia 6 years later. Markers from the verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed domains consistently showed high predictivity across subgroups stratified by age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ϵ4 status, and dementia type. Predictivity increased closer to diagnosis and showed highest accuracy up to 6 years before a dementia diagnosis.
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Richard L, et al.
(författare)
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Verbal fluency in patients receiving bilateral versus left-sided deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 18:3, s. 606-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of unilateral (left-sided) versus bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on verbal fluency. To do this, 10 Parkinson's disease patients with predominantly bilateral motor symptoms who received bilateral STN DBS were compared with 6 patients suffering from predominantly unilateral symptoms who received STN DBS on the left side only. The results suggest that unilateral STN DBS of the speech dominant hemisphere is associated with significantly less declines in measures of verbal fluency as compared to bilateral stimulation. (JINS, 2012, 18, 606-611)
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| 10. |
- Stanciu, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory Impairment and Subjective Olfactory Complaints Independently Predict Conversion to Dementia : A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 20:2, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether conversion to dementia can be predicted by self-reported olfactory impairment and/or by an inability to identify odors. Common forms of dementia involve an impaired sense of smell, and poor olfactory performance predicts cognitive decline among the elderly. We followed a sample of 1529 participants, who were within a normal range of overall cognitive function at baseline, over a 10-year period during which 159 were classified as having a dementia disorder. Dementia conversion was predicted from demographic variables, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and olfactory assessments. Self-reported olfactory impairment emerged as an independent predictor of dementia. After adjusting for effects of other predictors, individuals who rated their olfactory sensitivity as worse than normal were more likely to convert to dementia than those who reported normal olfactory sensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.40, 3.37]). Additionally, low scores on an odor identification test also predicted conversion to dementia (OR per 1 point increase = 0.89; 95% CI [0.81, 0.98]), but these two effects were additive. We suggest that assessing subjective olfactory complaints might supplement other assessments when evaluating the risk of conversion to dementia. Future studies should investigate which combination of olfactory assessments is most useful in predicting dementia conversion. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1-9)
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