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- Kraus, Ludwig, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Does the decline in Swedish adolescent drinking persist into early adulthood?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 119:2, s. 259-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Sweden has experienced a substantial decrease in adolescent drinking over the past decades. Whether the reduction persists into early adulthood remains unclear. Using survey data, the present study aimed to determine whether reductions in indicators of alcohol use observed among adolescents remain in early adulthood and whether changes in alcohol intake are consistent among light/moderate and heavy drinkers.Design: Data from the Swedish monthly Alcohol Monitoring Survey (2001–20) were used to construct five 5-year birth cohorts (1978–82, 1983–87, 1988–92, 1993–97 and 1998–2002).Setting: Sweden.Participants: A total of n = 52 847 respondents (48% females) aged 16 and 30 years were included in this study.Measurements: For both males and females, temporal changes in the prevalence of any drinking, the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and total alcohol intake in the past 30 days in centilitres were analysed.Findings: The prevalence of any drinking in more recent cohorts remained low until young people came into their early (females) and mid- (males) 20s. Male cohorts differed in the prevalence of HED across age, with the later cohorts showing lower odds than earlier cohorts (odds ratios between 0.54 and 0.66). Among females, no systematic differences between cohorts across age could be observed. Later male birth cohorts in light/moderate drinkers had lower alcohol intake than earlier cohorts (correlation coefficients between −0.09 and −0.54). No statistically significant cohort effects were found for male heavy drinkers. Although differences in alcohol intake among females diminished as age increased, the cohorts did not differ systematically in their level of alcohol intake.Conclusions: In Sweden, the reduced uptake of drinking in adolescents appears to fade as people move into adulthood. Observed reductions in alcohol intake among light and moderate drinkers appear to persist into adulthood. More recent male cohorts show a lower prevalence rate of heavy episodic drinking.
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| 3. |
- Norström, Thor, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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The declining trend in Swedish youth drinking : collectivity or polarization?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 109:9, s. 1437-1446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Alcohol consumption among youth in Sweden has declined markedly during the last decade. This study aims to tackle the following research questions: (i) how is the decrease in drinking distributed across consumption categories; and (ii) is the pattern of change in consumption consistent with Skog's theory of the collectivity of drinking behaviour?Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements: We analysed data from the nationally representative annual school survey of alcohol and drug habits among Swedish 9th-grade students (aged 15–16 years) covering the period 2000–12 (n ≈ 5000/year). Respondents were divided into seven drinking groups based on their relative ranking on consumption, which was measured by beverage-specific quantity and frequency items summarized into a measure of overall drinking in litres of 100% alcohol per year. In addition, the mean number of heavy episodic drinking occasions (HED) was computed for each drinking group.Findings: The decline in consumption among Swedish youth was mirrored in all seven drinking groups, although the relative decrease was smaller for heavy drinkers (top 5%) than for light drinkers (below the median). Among the top 5%, the average annual decrease was 2% (P = 0.027), while the corresponding figure for light drinkers was 28.9% (P < 0.001). The reverse pattern was true when looking at the absolute decrease. The decrease among the top 5% accounted for 26.1% of the decrease in mean consumption during the study period, whereas the light drinkers accounted for 2.9%. There was a marked relation between overall consumption, on one hand, and mean consumption and HED, on the other hand, in each of the seven drinking groups.Conclusion: The marked decrease in youth drinking in Sweden that occurred during the period 2000–12 was manifest at all consumption levels. The findings are consistent with Skog's theory of the collectivity of drinking behaviour.
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- Thern, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of youth unemployment on alcoholrelated morbidity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 115:3, s. 418-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo test if exposure to unemployment in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of later alcohol‐related morbidity.DesignA nation‐wide register‐linked longitudinal population‐based study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsA total of 16 490 individuals born between 1967 and 1978, who had participated in the Labour Force Survey between the ages of 16–24 years during 1990–95.MeasurementInformation on the outcome of alcohol‐related morbidity was obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register. The Swedish index of alcohol‐related in‐patient care was used to define the outcome. Information on sex, age and country of birth, as well as parents’ level of education, socio‐economic status and alcohol‐related health problems, were also obtained. Average follow‐up time was 22 years. Cox regression analysis was used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).FindingsCompared with full‐time students, individuals who experienced short‐ and long‐term unemployment spells at a young age were at an increased risk of later alcohol‐related morbidity; < 3 months (HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.35–3.09), 3–6 months (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.29–3.75) and > 6 months (HR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.06–3.71) of unemployment, after adjusting for several important individual and family level covariates.ConclusionIn Sweden, a nation‐wide register‐based study with a 22‐year follow‐up suggests that being unemployed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol‐related morbidity later in life.
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