| 1. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim
(author)
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Binge eating in surgical weight-loss treatments : Long-term associations with weight loss, health related quality of life (HRQL), and psychopathology
- 2009
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In: Eating Behaviors. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 7:1, s. 15-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Previous studies that have investigated the relationshipbetween binge eating and the long-term outcome of bariatric surgeryhave shown mixed results. Does binge eating before or after bariatricsurgery affect long-term BMI, health-related quality of life (HRQL), orpsychopathology after surgery? The objective of the present studywas to address these questions to determine the extent to whichbinge eating needs to be addressed in the context of bariatric surgeryMethods. We assessed 173 bariatric patients before and three yearsafter weight loss surgery with regard to weight, binge eating, HRQL,and psychopathology.Results. Binge eating habits before and after weight loss surgerywere unrelated to the long-term BMI outcome. Binge eating afterweight loss surgery was associated with more psychopathology and alower HRQL.Conclusion. Binge eating before or after weight loss surgery doesnot predict long-term BMI outcome. Therefore, exclusions fromsurgery for this reason alone are difficult to motivate. However,results show that binge eating after weight loss surgery is commonand is associated with both more psychopathology and a lower HRQL.The poor psychological health status of patients that binge eat afterweight loss surgery motivates studies with longer follow-up periods toinvestigate whether post-surgical binge eating might increase thevulnerability to future weight regain and complications at time pointsbeyond three years. The high rate of binge eating after surgery andits negative association with the HRQL and psychopathology indicatethat we need to be observant of the occurrence and potential effectsof binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery.
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| 2. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Eating disorders and disordered eating among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment in Sweden
- 2006
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 7:1, s. 15-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study of 194 Swedish men and women seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment was to investigate the presence of eating disorders and binge eating symptoms and to compare these two groups of patients with a group without eating disorder- or binge eating symptoms. The groups were compared in regard to co-morbid psychopathology, Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and anthropometric data. Of the total sample, 9.8% fulfilled criteria for any eating disorder. An additional 7.2% indicated binge eating symptoms without having an eating disorder. The three groups were significantly different in regard to psychopathology scales and most HRQL items. Eating disorders and binge eating symptoms are common among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatments in Sweden and both groups showed elevated levels of co-morbid psychopathology and lower HRQL compared to patients without disordered eating. These findings point to the importance of assessing the full range of eating disorder symptoms and disorders as well as HRQL and co-morbid psychopathology before weight-loss treatment, as these factors might affect treatment outcome.
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| 3. |
- Palmeira, Lara, et al.
(author)
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Can the impact of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating be weakened by one's decentering abilities?
- 2014
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:3, s. 392-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Decentering has been defined as the ability to deal with thoughts and emotions as subjective and ephemeral inner events. Since it implies a non-judging and present focused attitude towards thoughts and emotions, decentering has been considered as an important protective process against psychopathology, as it has been empirically shown to decrease depressive relapse rates. Nevertheless, its role in eating disordered attitudes and behaviours has not been fully uncovered.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the moderator effect of decentering on the relationship between eating psychopathology and one of its main risk factors, body image dissatisfaction.The sample comprised 279 female students, aged between 14 and 21 years-old. Results revealed that decentering abilities were negatively linked to body image dissatisfaction and to the global score of eating psychopathology. Through a path analysis, the buffer effect of decentering was confirmed.The findings suggest that the ability to take a non-judgmental and accepting stance towards internal experiences diminishes the impact of one's body dissatisfaction on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. This study seems especially pertinent since it uncovers a mechanism to lessen the pervasive impact of body image dissatisfaction, which is highly prevalent in women from Western societies.
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| 4. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(author)
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Falling in the traps of your thoughts : The impact of body image-related cognitive fusion on inflexible eating
- 2015
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 19, s. 49-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Literature has shown that young women present high rates of body dissatisfaction, independently of their weight. Therefore, dieting may emerge as a strategy to control one's body image. Nonetheless, it also seems to be a source of great suffering rather than a solution.The aim of the present study was to explore what variables explain the inflexible engagement in eating rules. Our hypothesis is that an inflexible eating pattern results not exclusively from weight and body dissatisfaction and shame but mainly from emotional regulation processes (such as body image-related cognitive fusion).The sample of the present study comprised 659 female college students, aged between 18 and 25 years old, who completed self-report measures.Results revealed that the majority of the normal-weight participants desired to lose weight and to have a thinner body shape. Findings from the path analyses demonstrated that the effects of weight dissatisfaction and shame on the inflexible adhesion to eating rules were fully mediated through the mechanism of body image-related cognitive fusion. Furthermore, the effect of body dissatisfaction was partially operated by this process. This model was controlled by BMI and explained a total of 36% of inflexible adhesion to eating rules.In conclusion, these findings suggest that it is when a woman gets fused and entangled with her body image-related thoughts that these unwanted inner events most impact on her eating rules. This study thus offers important new data for research and clinical practise in the field of body image and eating difficulties.
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| 5. |
- Trindade, Inês A., 1990-, et al.
(author)
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The impact of body image-related cognitive fusion on eating psychopathology
- 2014
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:1, s. 72-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent research has shown that cognitive fusion underlies psychological inflexibility and in consequence various forms of psychopathology. However, the role of cognitive fusion specifically related to body image on eating psychopathology remained to be examined.The current study explores the impact of cognitive fusion concerning body image in the relation between acknowledged related risk factors and eating psychopathology in a sample of 342 female students.The impact of body dissatisfaction and social comparison through physical appearance on eating psychopathology was partially mediated by body image-related cognitive fusion. The results highlight the importance of cognitive defusion in the treatment of eating disorders.
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| 6. |
- Bezdjian, Serena, et al.
(author)
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Genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity : a meta-analysis of twin, family and adoption studies
- 2011
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In: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 31:7, s. 1209-1223
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A meta-analysis of twin, family and adoption studies was conducted to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity. The best fitting model for 41 key studies (58 independent samples from 14. month old infants to adults; N = 27,147) included equal proportions of variance due to genetic (0.50) and non-shared environmental (0.50) influences, with genetic effects being both additive (0.38) and non-additive (0.12). Shared environmental effects were unimportant in explaining individual differences in impulsivity. Age, sex, and study design (twin vs. adoption) were all significant moderators of the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity. The relative contribution of genetic effects (broad sense heritability) and unique environmental effects were also found to be important throughout development from childhood to adulthood. Total genetic effects were found to be important for all ages, but appeared to be strongest in children. Analyses also demonstrated that genetic effects appeared to be stronger in males than in females. Method of assessment (laboratory tasks vs. questionnaires), however, was not a significant moderator of the genetic and environmental influences on impulsivity. These results provide a structured synthesis of existing behavior genetic studies on impulsivity by providing a clearer understanding of the relative genetic and environmental contributions in impulsive traits through various stages of development.
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| 7. |
- Hesser, Hugo, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for tinnitus distress
- 2011
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In: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 31:4, s. 545-553
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tinnitus is defined as a sound in the ear(s) and/or head without external origin and is a serious health concern for millions worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing distress associated with tinnitus. Randomized, controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of CBT for tinnitus-related distress in adults were identified by searching electronic databases (PsychINFO, PubMed, the Cochrane Library), and by manual searches. Fifteen studies (total of 1091 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. CBT compared with a passive and active control at post-assessment yielded statistically significant mean effect sizes for tinnitus-specific measures (Hedges's g = 0.70. and Hedges's g = 0.44, respectively). The average weighted pre-to-follow-up effect size for the CBT group suggested that these effects were maintained over time. Smaller but yet statistically significant effects of CBT were found for mood outcome measures. Characteristics of the studies were unrelated to effect sizes. Methodological rigor, publication bias, and a series of sensitivity analyses did not influence the findings. The results suggest that CBT is an effective treatment of tinnitus distress. However, caution is warranted given that few large-scale, well-controlled trials were identified.
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