| 1. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Stroop interference for food- and body-related words : A meta-analysis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 6:3, s. 271-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to cognitive theories of eating disorders, biased information processing in favour of dysfunctional attitudes about food and body appearance plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of such disorders. Data from 27 studies evaluating Stroop interference for food- and body-related words with negative overtones were included in a meta-analysis in order to investigate whether such processing biases are specific to eating disordered samples. Participants were females characterised as eating disordered, non-eating disordered but nevertheless over-concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal controls. Mean Stroop interference for eating disordered females was of medium effect size (Cohen's d=0.48) and significantly larger than for both non-eating disordered females concerned with body appearance and eating, and normal control females (both d=0.21). Stroop interference for eating disordered females was thus of fairly modest magnitude where it was unclear whether such interference is specific to this sample. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of sensitivity to external food cues in attentional allocation to food words on dot probe and Stroop tasks
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 5:3, s. 261-271
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of sensitivity of external food cues in producing attentional bias toward food-, body-weight-, and shape-related words on the Stroop and the dot probe tasks was examined. Contrary to expectations, individuals high in responsiveness to external food cues directed attention away from food words, whereas individuals low in responsiveness to external food cues directed their attention toward food words on the dot probe task. No significant differences were found between the groups high and low in sensitivity to external food cues for body words on the dot probe task or for food or body words on the Stroop task. Results are discussed with reference to theoretical views of differences between the Stroop and the dot probe tasks.
|
|
| 3. |
- Cristea, Ioana A, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of cognitive behavior therapy for adult depression on dysfunctional thinking : A meta-analysis.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 42, s. 62-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is not clear whether cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) works through changing dysfunctional thinking. Although several primary studies have examined the effects of CBT on dysfunctional thinking, no meta-analysis has yet been conducted.METHOD: We searched for randomized trials comparing CBT for adult depression with control groups or with other therapies and reporting outcomes on dysfunctional thinking. We calculated effect sizes for CBT versus control groups, and separately for CBT versus other psychotherapies and respectively, pharmacotherapy.RESULTS: 26 studies totalizing 2002 patients met inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was less than optimal. We found a moderate effect of CBT compared to control groups on dysfunctional thinking at post-test (g=0.50; 95% CI: 0.38-0.62), with no differences between the measures used. This result was maintained at follow-up (g=0.46; 95% CI: 0.15-0.78). There was a strong association between the effects on dysfunctional thinking and those on depression. We found no significant differences between CBT and other psychotherapies (g=0.17; p=0.31), except when restrict in outcomes to the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (g=0.29). There also was no difference between CBT and pharmacotherapy (g=0.04), though this result was based on only 4 studies.DISCUSSION: While CBT had a robust and stable effect on dysfunctional thoughts, this was not significantly different from what other psychotherapies or pharmacotherapy achieved. This result can be interpreted as confirming the primacy of cognitive change in symptom change, irrespective of how it is attained, as well as supporting the idea that dysfunctional thoughts are simply another symptom that changes subsequent to treatment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Cuijpers, Pim, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder : A meta-analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 34:2, s. 130-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen a near-doubling of the number of studies examining the effects of psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. The present article integrates this new evidence with the older literature through a quantitative meta-analysis. A total of 41 studies (with 2132 patients meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD) were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases, and were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies examined the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The majority of studies used waiting lists as control condition. The pooled effect of the 38 comparisons (from 28 studies) of psychotherapy versus a control group was large (g=0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-0.97) with low to moderate heterogeneity. The effects based on self-report measures were somewhat lower than those based on clinician-rated instruments. The effects on depression were also large (g=0.71; 95% CI: 0.59-0.82). There were some indications for publication bias. The number of studies comparing CBT with other psychotherapies (e.g., applied relaxation) or pharmacotherapy was too small to draw conclusions about comparative effectiveness or the long-term effects. There were some indications that CBT was also effective at follow-up and that CBT was more effective than applied relaxation in the longer term.
|
|
