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- Costa, Ettore, 1987
(författare)
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From East-West Balancing to Militant Anti-Communism The Socialist International and the Beginning of the Cold War, 1947–1949
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 24:2, s. 95-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The journal known as Socialist World—the short-lived publication of the Committee of the International Socialist Conference—is instructive for what it reveals about European Social Democracy at the beginning of the Cold War and about the problems of internationalism among Socialists. At first, the journal served to mediate between West European anti-Communist Socialists and the Communists in Eastern Europe. The Socialists tried to reach a common understanding of world affairs through a dialogue across borders, but divergent ideas and the impact of international events tore this cohabitation apart. After the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, Socialist World became an instrument of anti-Communist propaganda. The articles in the journal also reveal the interests, concerns, and opinions of Socialists during the early Cold War regarding bipolar confrontation, planning, European integration, and colonialism. The journal was too public to allow frank discussion and too overburdened with rules to focus on topics of greater interest. Socialist parties that aspired to gain election in their countries wanted to protect their respectability—a concern made more urgent by the Cold War.
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- Fischer, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Neutrality and Nonalignment in World Politics during the Cold War
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 18:4, s. 4-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past two decades, research on Cold War neutrality has advanced rapidly. With the declassification of important archival collections, the image of the four European “classic” neutrals—Austria, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland—has changed considerably. New facets have emerged in the understanding of how neutrality functioned as a part of the Cold War international system. In particular, the importance and connections of neutrality's domestic political and ideational dimensions in foreign policymaking has been stressed in the latest research on Cold War neutrality.
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- Götz, Norbert
(författare)
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"In a Class by Itself" : Cold War Politics and Finland's Position vis-à-vis the United Nations, 1945–1956
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 10:2, s. 71-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the mid-1950s on, the United Nations (UN) provided a forum for Finland to have an international presence despite its status as a neutral country in the Cold War. But until 1955, Finland's bid to join the UN was blocked by the Soviet Union. The inability to gain admission caused some Finns to favor staying outside the UN, a view that gained its widest circulation in the latter half of 1950 after the UN had been invoked to respond to North Korea's attack on South Korea. Nonetheless, although some Finns were concerned that membership in the UN might cause their country to become embroiled in a superpower Cold War conflict against its will, others believed that entry into the UN would confer prestige and legitimacy on Finland and strengthen its position as a sovereign member of the international community. Although Finns realized that the UN would not provide a security guarantee, the organization did help Finland to consolidate its neutral position in the Cold War international system.
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- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Sweden, Europe, and the Cold War : A Reappraisal
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 14:2, s. 68-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, Sweden has been portrayed as an active bridge-builder in international politics in the 1960s and 1970s. The country advocated a “third way” toward democratic socialism and greater “justice” in international affairs, but these foreign policy prescriptions were never applied to European affairs. This article examines Sweden's relations with Europe by contrasting European integration with the Cold War. Negotiations on Swedish membership in the European Communities and Swedish policy at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe were influenced by a general Berührungsangst toward Europe, which persisted during the years of détente. Because Swedish decision-makers believed that heavy involvement in European affairs would constrict Sweden's freedom of action, Swedish leaders' moral proclamations were applied exclusively to distant Third World countries rather than the egregious abuses of human rights in the Soviet bloc.
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- Matz, Johan
(författare)
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Sweden, the United States, and Raoul Wallenberg's Mission to Hungary in 1944
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 14:3, s. 97-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an in-depth examination of the U.S. government's role in the case of Raoul Wallenberg, the courageous Swedish envoy who died mysteriously in the Soviet Union after being arrested by Soviet occupation forces at the end of World War II for unknown reasons. The article recounts how U.S. officials, particularly the diplomat Herschel V. Johnson, tried to alleviate the plight of Hungarian Jews after German forces occupied Hungary in 1944. A key part of this policy was their effort to work with Sweden in enlisting Wallenberg's help. The U.S.-Swedish relationship was never particularly close, and the mistrust that officials in each country felt toward the other side impeded any coordinated action. The article discusses the bureaucratic impediments on the U.S. side and highlights some of the obstacles that Johnson strove to overcome. The article builds on the report produced by the Eliasson Commission documenting the Swedish government's handling of the Wallenberg case. Although the Swedish authorities bore by far the greatest amount of blame for doing nothing in the face of Soviet stonewalling, Matz argues that U.S. officials also made significant misjudgments that may have exacerbated the situation.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Mikael, 1976-
(författare)
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The United States and Neutral Countries in Europe, 1945–1991
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - : MIT Press. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 21:4, s. 208-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The post-Cold War era has led to a proliferation of scholarship on U.S. policy toward four neutral European countries—Austria, Finland, Switzerland, and Sweden—during the Cold War. This article provides a survey of the latest literature on U.S. policy toward these four countries as well as general comments about the U.S. government's approach to European neutrality from 1945 to 1991.
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