| 1. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of Coronary Events and Case Fatality Rate in Relation to Blood Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Counts.
- 2012
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 32, s. 533-837
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Elevated levels of blood leukocytes have been associated with acute coronary events (CEs), but data on leukocyte subclasses are limited. This study aimed to explore whether blood lymphocyte and neutrophil counts are associated with incidence of CEs and with fatal outcome in subjects who subsequently experienced a first CE. METHODS AND RESULTS: Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were measured in 27 419 subjects from the general population without a history of CEs, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation. Incidence of CEs was studied in relation to leukocyte counts during a mean follow-up of 13.6 years. Neutrophil but not lymphocyte counts were significantly associated with incidence of CEs. After adjustments for confounding factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (0.94-1.23), 1.09 (0.95-1.25), and 1.39 (1.22-1.59) for subjects with neutrophils in the first, second, third, and fourth (highest) sex-specific quartiles, respectively (P for trend <0.001). Of the 1965 subject who had a CE, 471 subjects died on the first day of the CE, in- or outside hospital. The proportions of subjects who died the first day were 19%, 21%, 25%, and 28%, respectively in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles (P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased neutrophil counts are associated with incidence of CEs and increased case-fatality rate after a CE.
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| 2. |
- Björkbacka, Harry, et al.
(author)
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Low Levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 Autoantibodies Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Events.
- 2016
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 36, s. 765-771
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Previous smaller studies have indicated inverse associations between autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitopes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210, respectively, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in a large population-based cohort. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies were analyzed by ELISA in a prospective study, including 5393 individuals (aged 46-68 years) belonging to the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with a follow-up time of >15 years. Subjects that suffered an acute coronary event during follow-up (n=382) had lower levels at baseline of IgM autoantibodies recognizing the native and malondialdehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 and also lower IgG levels recognizing native p210, whereas no association was found with risk for stroke (n=317). Subjects in the highest compared with lowest tertile of IgM-p45MDA (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.55, 0.94]; P=0.017) and IgG-p210native (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.73 [0.56, 0.97]; P=0.029) had lower risk for incident coronary events after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. Moreover, subjects with high levels of IgG-p210native were less likely to have carotid plaques as assessed by ultrasonography at baseline (odds ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.95, P=0.008 after adjustment for risk factors). CONCLUSIONS: This large prospective study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies have a lower risk of coronary events supporting a protective role of these autoantibodies in cardiovascular disease.
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| 3. |
- Cotoi, Ovidiu, et al.
(author)
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Plasma S100A8/A9 Correlates With Blood Neutrophil Counts, Traditional Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-Aged Healthy Individuals.
- 2014
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 34:1, s. 202-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The S100 alarmins A8, A9, and A8/A9, secreted by activated neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. S100A8/A9 has previously been linked to atherogenesis and cardiovascular (CV) disease. We investigated whether S100A8, A9, and A8/A9 correlate with carotid artery disease and CV risk in apparently healthy individuals.
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| 4. |
- Engelbertsen, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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T-Helper 2 Immunity Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke.
- 2013
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Experimental studies in mice have attributed T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells important roles in atherosclerosis, but the clinical importance of these cells in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains to be clarified. Here, we investigated associations between Th1 and Th2 cells, carotid intima-media thickness, and cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood drawn at baseline and incident cardiovascular events during 15-year follow-up were assessed in 700 participants. Baseline Th1 (CD3(+)CD4(+)interferon-γ(+)) and Th2 (CD3(+)CD4(+)IL-4(+)) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokine-release from activated mononuclear leukocytes was measured by multiplex technology. High numbers of Th2 cells were independently associated with decreased mean common carotid intima-media thickness. High numbers of Th2 cells were also independently associated with a reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction in women (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.56; P=0.002 for the highest versus the lowest tertile of Th2 cells). Moreover, release of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 from activated mononuclear leukocytes was independently associated with a reduced risk of CVD. No independent associations between Th1 cells and carotid intima-media thickness or CVD risk were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations provide the first clinical evidence for a protective role of Th2 immunity in CVD. They also suggest this protection is more prominent in women than in men. In spite of convincing evidence from experimental studies, we found no support for a role of Th1 immunity in CVD.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Blood pressure increase and incidence of hypertension in relation to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins.
- 2002
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 22:12, s. 2054-2058
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective— The reasons for the relationship between inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) and incidence of cardiovascular diseases are poorly understood. This study explored the hypothesis that ISPs are associated with future hypertension and age-related blood pressure increase. Method and Results— Blood pressure and plasma levels of fibrinogen, {alpha}1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and orosomucoid were determined in 2262 healthy men aged 35 to 50 years, initially without treatment for hypertension. The cohort was re-examined after 15.7 (±2.2) years. Incidence of hypertension and blood pressure increase was studied in relation to number of elevated proteins (ie, in the top quartile) at baseline. Among men without treatment for hypertension at follow-up, mean (±SD) increase in systolic blood pressure was 18.8±17, 19.2±17, 19.3±17, and 22.1±18 mm Hg, respectively, for men with 0, 1, 2, and >=3 elevated proteins (P for trend=0.02, adjusted for confounders). The corresponding values for pulse pressure increase was 15.5±14, 15.8±14, 17.4±14, and 17.8±15 mm Hg, respectively (P=0.02). Incidence of hypertension (>=160/95 mm Hg or treatment) and future blood pressure treatment showed similar associations with ISPs. Increase in diastolic blood pressure showed no association with ISPs. Conclusions— Plasma levels of ISPs are associated with a future increase in blood pressure. This could contribute to the relationship between ISP levels and cardiovascular disease.
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| 6. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Systemic Inflammation, and Incidence of Heart Failure Hospitalizations.
- 2009
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 29, s. 1691-1695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study explored the relationships between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and incidence of heart failure hospitalizations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Men and women from the general population (n=4691), without history of myocardial infarction or stroke, were examined. Incidence of hospitalizations attributable to heart failure was studied over a mean follow-up of 13 years. A total of 75 subjects were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of heart failure. Adjusted for risk factors, the hazards ratios (95% CI) were 1.00, 0.98 (0.36 to 2.7), 1.9 (0.80 to 4.6), and 2.7 (1.1 to 6.2), respectively, for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of IMT (P for trend=0.003). The HR associated with CRP levels >/=3 mg/L (versus <1 mg/L) was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.06 to 3.9) after adjustments for risk factors. There was a significant interaction between IMT and CRP on heart failure incidence (P=0.028). Subjects with CRP >/=3 mg/L and IMT in the 4th quartile had an adjusted HR of 3.7 (1.9 to 7.1) compared to those with CRP <3 mg/L and IMT in quartile 1 to 3. CONCLUSIONS: High IMT and high CRP are both independent risk factors for incidence of heart failure requiring hospitalization. The joint exposure to both risk factors substantially increases the risk.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and incidence of myocardial infarction in men with low cardiovascular risk.
- 2003
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 23:12, s. 2247-2251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective— Myocardial infarction (MI) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of MI in nonsmoking, nondiabetic men with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs). Methods and Results— Five ISPs ({alpha}1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, orosomucoid) were analyzed in 6075 men, 47±3.6 years old. A low-risk group (no traditional risk factor, n=1108) and a high-risk group (>=2 major risk factors, n=1011) were defined. Incidence of MI (n=227) was monitored over 18.1±4.3 years of follow-up. In the low-risk group, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.00 (reference), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.2), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 5.4), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.1), respectively, for men with 0, 1, 2 and >=3 ISPs in the top quartile (trend: P=0.03). In this group, the increased risk was observed only after >=10 years of follow-up. In the high-risk group, the age-adjusted RRs were 1.00, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), respectively, for men with 0, 1, 2, and >=3 ISPs in the top quartile (trend: P=0.0004). Conclusion— Incidence of MI in nonsmoking, nondiabetic men with normal blood pressure and lipids was related to ISPs. The causes for this relationship remain to be explored.
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| 8. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Occupation, Marital Status, and Low-Grade Inflammation. Mutual Confounding or Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factors?
- 2006
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 26:Dec 15, s. 643-648
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective - We explored the relationships between inflammatory proteins, occupation, and marital status, and their independent associations with incidence of cardiovascular disease ( CVD). Methods and Results - Five inflammation-sensitive proteins ( ISPs) ( fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid) were measured in 6075 apparently healthy men. Incidence of coronary events and stroke was followed over 18 years in relation to occupation and marital status. All ISPs showed higher concentrations in divorced men and in manual workers. Except for fibrinogen, this remained significant after adjustments for confounding factors. Adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, incidence of coronary events was significantly increased in unskilled manual workers and in divorced men. The relative risks were slightly reduced after further adjustments for ISPs ( from 1.79 to 1.70 in unskilled manual workers; from 1.58 to 1.51 in divorced men). All ISPs were significantly associated with incidence of coronary events, after adjustments for traditional risk factors. This relationship was essentially unchanged after further adjustments for occupation and marital status. Conclusion - Inflammation could contribute to, but not fully explain, the increased cardiovascular risk in manual workers and divorced men. Although the ISPs vary greatly by occupational and marital status, this does not confound the relationship between ISPs and incidence of CVD.
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| 9. |
- Lind, P., et al.
(author)
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Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Smokers Is Related to Plasma Levels of Inflammation-Sensitive Proteins.
- 2004
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 24:3, s. 577-582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background— The extent to which differences in cardiovascular risk between smokers with similar daily tobacco consumption may be related to plasma levels of inflammation-sensitive proteins (ISP) and whether these proteins are associated with levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb%) have not been clarified. Methods and Results— In a population-based cohort of 1489 never smokers, 1685 former smokers, and 2901 current smokers, aged 28 to 61 years, plasma levels of orosomucoid ({alpha}1-acid glycoprotein), {alpha}1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin were measured. COHb% levels were available for 2098 of them. Incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death were monitored over 18.7±4.7 years. The proportion with high ISP levels (ie, >=2 ISP in the top quartile) increased progressively with daily tobacco consumption (P<0.01) and COHb% (P<0.01). In all smoking categories, the incidence of stroke, cardiac events, and death was related to ISP. In heavy smokers, high ISP levels were associated with adjusted relative risks of 1.57 (1.05 to 2.35) and 1.50 (1.11 to 2.03) for cardiac events and death, respectively. Corresponding figures for moderate and light smokers were 1.59 (1.13 to 2.24) and 1.14 (0.87 to 1.49), respectively, and 1.32 (0.95 to 1.85) and 1.48 (1.10 to 1.98), respectively. Conclusion— ISP levels are related to COHb% in smokers. High levels are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
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| 10. |
- Mantani, Polyxeni, et al.
(author)
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Circulating CD40(+) and CD86(+) B Cell Subsets Demonstrate Opposing Associations With Risk of Stroke
- 2014
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 34:1, s. 211-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective-Accumulating evidence shows that immune cells play an important role in atherosclerosis. Most attention has focused on the role of different T cell subsets, whereas the possible involvement of B cells has been less studied. In this study, we assessed the association of 2 different B cell subsets, CD19(+)CD40(+) and CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells, with risk for development of acute cardiovascular events. Approach and Results-The prospective study included 700 subjects randomly selected from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmo Diet and Cancer study. Mononuclear leukocytes, stored at -140 degrees C at the baseline investigation in 1991-1994, were thawed and B cell subsets analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine release from CD3/CD28-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes was measured with multiplex ELISA. Baseline carotid intima-media thickness and stenosis were assessed by ultrasonography, and clinical events were monitored through validated national registers during a median/mean follow-up time of 15 years. The subjects in the highest tertile of CD19(+)CD40(+) B cells had a significantly lower risk of incident stroke after adjustment for other risk factors. In contrast, CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells were associated with higher risk for development of a stroke event and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from mononuclear leukocytes. Conclusions-These observations provide evidence for an involvement of B cells in the incidence of stroke and suggest that both pathogenic and protective B cell subsets exist.
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