| 1. |
- Ament, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination of Older People: A Study in 5 Western European Countries
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases. - : The University of Chicago Press. - 1537-6591 .- 1058-4838. ; 31:2, s. 444-450
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pneumococcal vaccination of older persons is thought to be cost-effective in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia, but evidence of clinical protection is uncertain. Because there is better evidence of vaccination effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease, we determined the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination of persons aged ≥65 years in preventing hospital admission for both invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in 5 western European countries. In the base case analyses, the cost-effectiveness ratios for preventing invasive disease varied from ∼11,000 to ∼33,000 European currency units (ecu) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Assuming a common incidence (50 cases per 100,000) and mortality rate (20%-40%) for invasive disease, the cost-effectiveness ratios were <12,000 ecu per QALY in all 5 countries. For preventing pneumococcal pneumonia, vaccinating all elderly persons would be highly cost-effective to cost saving. Public health authorities should consider policies for encouraging pneumococcal vaccination for all persons aged ≥65 years.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjornelius, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Conjunctivitis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 39:7, s. E67-E69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Darenberg, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome : A European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 37, s. 333-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin G (IVIG) as adjunctive therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The trial was prematurely terminated because of slow patient recruitment, and results were obtained from 21 enrolled patients (10 IVIG recipients and 11 placebo recipients). The primary end point was mortality at 28 days, and a 3.6-fold higher mortality rate was found in the placebo group. A significant decrease in the sepsis-related organ failure assessment score at days 2 (P = .02) and 3 (P = .04) was noted in the IVIG group. Furthermore, a significant increase in plasma neutralizing activity against superantigens expressed by autologous isolates was noted in the IVIG group after treatment (P = .03). Although statistical significance was not reached in the primary end point, the trial provides further support for IVIG as an efficacious adjunctive therapy in STSS.
|
|
| 7. |
- Eriksson, Björn K G, et al.
(författare)
-
Group A streptococcal infections in Sweden : a comparative study of invasive and noninvasive infections and analysis of dominant T28 emm28 isolates.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 37:9, s. 1189-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveillance of group A streptococcus (GAS) infections in Sweden during 1996-1997 indicated that T28 isolates were dominant, whereas T1M1 infections were uncommon. Circulating T28 isolates were nearly all emm28, MLST52, and these clones had also been prevalent 10 years earlier. Isolates from invasive and noninvasive infections were of similar types and prevalences. The average national incidence of invasive episodes was 2.9/100,000 population but varied between 0 and 8.3/100,000 population in different counties. It increased markedly with age, reaching 22.9 episodes/100,000 among people aged > or =90 years. The incidence of puerperal sepsis was higher than expected (22.4/100,000 of those at risk), with 1 death. Overall mortality was 16% and was associated with preexisting chronic disease (P=.002). Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) developed in approximately 15% of patients with invasive episodes, with a mortality rate of 45%. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was not found to be associated with the development of STSS.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Fang, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of cefoxitin-resistant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron mutants and mechanisms involved in beta-lactam resistance
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 35, s. S47-S53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The beta-lactam antibiotics are the most widely used of all the groups of antimicrobials, but beta-lactam resistance is increasingly common among members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Three major mechanisms are involved in beta-lactam resistance, and they act together in certain instances. In the present study, 2 resistant mutants (238m and 1186m) of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, obtained from clinical isolates (238 and 1186) by selection with increasing concentrations of cefoxitin, showed decreased susceptibilities to cefoxitin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Alterations in both penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) were observed in the mutants in comparison with their parent strains. The similar alteration in OMPs was also observed in clinical isolates. In conclusion, the beta-lactam-resistant mutants of B. thetaiotaomicron with deficiency in both PBPs and OMPs can be selected for by exposure to cefoxitin, and several mechanisms are involved in the beta-lactam resistance in the strains investigated.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
