| 1. |
- Ferraz, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro and in vivo toxicity of rinsed and aged nanocellulose-polypyrrole composites
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 100A:8, s. 2128-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel composites of nanocellulose and the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) are herein suggested as potential candidates for active ion-extraction membranes in electrochemically controlled hemodialysis. This work has defined processing parameters to obtain a biocompatible nanocellulose-PPy composite and for the first time, the effect of the composite ageing on cell viability has been studied.The influence of rinsing and extraction process steps, as well as ageing under different conditions (i.e. in air, at –20 ˚C and in argon), on the electroactivity and cytotoxicity of a PPy-nanocellulose composite has been investigated. The biocompatibility evaluation was based on indirect toxicity assays with fibroblasts and monocyte cell lines and an acute toxicity test in mice, while the electroactivity was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry experiments.The as-prepared composite did not induce any cytotoxic response in vitro or in vivo. Extensive rinsing and 48 hour incubation in biological buffer previous to the preparation of the culture medium extracts were, however, necessary to obtain a non-cytotoxic composite. The as-prepared composite was also found to exhibit acceptable electrochemical performance, which was retained upon 4 weeks storage in argon atmosphere. It was shown that ageing of the composite had a negative effect on biocompatibility, regardless of the storage condition. Thus, to allow for long time storage of electroactive nanocellulose-PPy hemodialysis membranes, the degradation of PPy upon storage must be controlled. The present results show that the biocompatibility of PPy composites depends on the rinsing and pre-treatment of the composite material as well as the aging of the material.
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| 2. |
- Ferraz, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoporesize affects complement activation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 87:3, s. 575-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we have shown the vast importance of biomaterial nanotexture when evaluating inflammatory response. For the first time in an in vitro whole blood system, we have proven that a small increase in nanoporesize, specifically 180 nm (from 20 to 200 nm), has a huge effect on the complement system. The study was done using nanoporous aluminiumoxide, a material that previously has been evaluated for potential implant use, showing good biocompatibility. This material can easily be manufactured with different pore sizes making it an excellent candidate to govern specific protein and cellular events at the tissue-material interface. We performed whole blood studies, looking at complement activation after blood contact with two pore size alumina membranes (pore diameters, 20 and 200 nm). The fluid phase was analyzed for complement soluble components, C3a and sC5b-9. In addition, surface adsorbed proteins were eluted and dot blots were performed to detect IgG, IgM, C1q, and C3. All results point to the fact that 200 nm pore size membranes are more complement activating. Significantly, higher values of complement soluble components were found after whole blood contact with 200 nm alumina and all studied proteins adsorbed more readily to this membrane than to the 20 nm pore size membrane. We hypothesize that the difference in complement activation between our two test materials is caused by the type and the amount of adsorbed proteins, as well as their conformation and orientation. The different protein patterns created on the two alumina membranes are most likely a consequence of the material topography.
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