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- Franzen, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of on-site urine drug tests : an experimental study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Toxicology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1556-3650 .- 1556-9519. ; 51:4, s. 348-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: On-site drug tests (ODTs) are frequently used in hospitals to screen the urine of patients admitted for suspected poisoning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of such tests used in emergency departments in Sweden.Methods: Two brands, ColibriCheck™ and Concateno™, were tested for detecting amphetamine, benzodiazepines, opiates and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in urine. The results were compared with laboratory screening (CEDIA) and confirmation method (GC-MS). The study was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012 using samples from drug dependence clinics; 400 positive (100 in each drug group) and 200 negative (applied to all drug groups).Results: High specificity (Table 1) implies that most true negative samples are detected, but the risk of missing a true positive sample is high (6–26%). The incidence of false positive test results was low ( 1%). Limitations: inadequate blinding of the analysing procedure, emergency department samples were not included and GC-MS was performed on positive but not negative samples.Conclusion: The implications of this study are that positive ODTs are fairly reliable whereas negative ODTs neglect 6–26% of true drug presence. Consequently patients might be overlooked if treatment depended on the test result. ODTs’ intrinsic problems e.g. cross-reactivity and limited spectrum of analytes1, that are not addressed in our study, could further influence the reliability of test results.Reference1. Krasowski MD, Pizon AF, Siam MG, et al. Using molecular similarity to highlight the challenges of routine immunoassay-based drug of abuse/toxicology screening in emergency medicine. BMC Emerg Med 2009; 9:5.
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| 2. |
- Knudsen, Kai, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A case of life-threatening rectal administration of moist snuff.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-9519 .- 1556-3650. ; 48:6, s. 572-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CASE REPORT: We report a case of self-administration of 75 sachets of moist snuff rectally in a previously healthy, 42-year-old man. He presented with symptoms of nausea, discomfort, and dizziness. He had dry and warm skin, a pulse rate of 53 bpm, a mean arterial blood pressure of 135 mmHg and fluctuations in consciousness. The patient was treated with mechanical ventilation because of respiratory insufficiency. No specific anti-nicotinergic treatment was given. Plasma levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine were 8,691 μg/L 7 h after admittance and 9,814 μg/L after 12 h. Levels of cotinine in the urine were above >50,000 μg/L. The patient developed a mild pneumonia, but he was uneventfully extubated after 12 h of mechanical ventilation. All physiological parameters were restored and he was discharged from hospital after 36 h. CONCLUSION: Excessive rectal administration of moist snuff may be life threatening. Patients may require intensive care. Long-term sequelae were not seen in this case.
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