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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype and the temporal relationship between depression and dementia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 36:4, s. 1751-1756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate how apolipoprotein E (. APOE) affects the temporal relationship between depression and dementia, we conducted a nested case-control study with longitudinal depression and dementia evaluations from several population studies by using 804 dementia cases and 1600 matched controls, totaling 1519 unique individuals. Depression within 10 years of onset of dementia was strongly associated with dementia diagnosis regardless of APOE status (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 5.25, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.32-8.31 for ε4 carriers, IRR 4.40, 95%CI 3.23-5.99 for noncarriers). However, we found a significant interaction between depression more than 10 years before the onset of dementia and APOE (. p= 0.01), with depression more distal to dementia being a risk factor only in ε4 carriers (IRR 3.39, 95% CI 1.69-6.78 for carriers, IRR 1.01, 95% CI 0.60-1.70 for noncarriers). Thus, depression with onset close in time to dementia onset is associated with disease irrespective of APOE genotype, whereas depression more distal to dementia onset is a risk factor only in ε4-carriers. This is the first study to show the interaction between APOE and depression to be dependent on timing of depression onset.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Hui-Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Education halves the risk of dementia due to apolipoprotein ε4 allele : a collaborative study from the Swedish brain power initiative
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 33:5, s. 1007.e1-1007.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of studies have explored the relationships of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and education with dementia over the last decade. However, observations concerning the possible modifying effect of education on the APOE-dementia association are limited. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that education may decrease the risk of APOE ε4 on dementia. Pooled data from 3 major population-based studies in Northern Europe were used in this study, with a total of 3436 participants aged 65 and older derived from the Kungsholmen project and the Gothenburg Birth Cohort studies in Sweden, and the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) project in Finland. The main outcome measure was dementia, which was diagnosed in 219 persons according to standard criteria. APOE ε4 was associated with increased risk of dementia independent of the effect of education (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.4 for 1 ε4 carrier and OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8-7.2 for 2 ε4 carriers). High education (8 years and more) was related to a lower dementia risk (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.6). An interaction between education and APOE ε4 was observed. Compared with those with less education and no ε4, the odds of dementia among persons with low education who carried any ε4 allele was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.9-3.9), and 1.2 (0.7-1.8) if they had higher education. This study suggests that genetic (APOE ε4) and environmental (education) factors are not only independently but also interactively related to dementia risk and that high education may buffer the negative effect of APOE ε4 on dementia occurrence.
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| 4. |
- Wirdefeldt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Complete ascertainment of Parkinson disease in the Swedish Twin Registry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 29:12, s. 1765-1773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes the ascertainment of Parkinson disease (PD) in all individuals aged 50 years or older (49,814 individuals) from the Swedish Twin Registry. In phase one of the study, all twins were screened for PD using telephone interviews, with a response rate of 72.7%. In phase two, twins with suspected PD were re-contacted to exclude anyone from follow-up who reported parkinsonian symptoms due to diseases other than PD. In the third phase, in-person clinical evaluations were completed for twins who were still considered PD suspects after phase two and for a sample of co-twins. During the clinical evaluations, we also collected blood samples and information about a variety of environmental exposures. Overall prevalence rate for PD was 496 per 100,000 individuals. Among the 132 PD cases identified, there were only three concordant twin pairs. In total 7.2% of PD cases reported a first degree relative with PD.
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