| 1. |
- Baudin, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-Making Is in the Making! Aspects of Decision-Making in the Area of Assistive and Welfare Technology : A Qualitative Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assistive and welfare technology (AT/WT) has been introduced as a way of facing an ageing population and providing support for older adults in their daily lives. There is much research concerning the assessment and recommendation of AT/WT to individual end-users. However, few studies have explored AT/WT decision-making from a managerial perspective. This study explores what aspects influence decision-making in assistive technology organizations concerning new technology procurements. The study is based on interviews with 24 managers engaged in assistive technology organizations, representing 13 of 21 regions in Sweden. The interview data consisted of the participants’ experiences deciding on AT/WT procurement. A reflexive inductive thematic analysis was used to identify aspects that influenced decision-making. The main findings show that decision-making is in the making, meaning that decision-making is a constant on-going managerial process. Furthermore, the findings show that managers experience uncertainty in the decision-making, sometimes make ad hoc decisions and request an evidence-based, person-centred approach to improve decision-making. The study concludes that supportive, technology, patient, and knowledge aspects influence managers’ decisions.
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| 2. |
- Bärkås, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Patients’ access to their psychiatric notes : Current policies and practices in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients’ access to electronic health records (EHRs) is debated worldwide, and access to psychiatry records is even more criticized. There is a nationwide service in Sweden which offers all citizens the opportunity to read their EHR, including clinical notes. This study aims to explore Swedish national and local policy regulations regarding patients’ access to their psychiatric notes and describe to what extent patients currently are offered access to them. The rationale behind the study is that current policies and current practices may differ between the 21 self-governing regions, although there is a national regulation. We gathered web-based information from policy documents and regulations from each region’s website. We also conducted key stakeholder interviews with respondents from the regions and cross-regional private care providers, using a qualitative approach. The results show that 17 of 21 regions share psychiatric notes with patients, where forensic psychiatric care was the most excluded psychiatric care setting. All private care providers reported that they mainly follow the regions’ guidelines. Our findings show that regional differences concerning sharing psychiatric notes persist, despite Swedish regulations and a national policy that stipulates equal care for everyone. The differences, however, appear to have decreased over time, and we report evidence that the regions are moving toward increased transparency for psychiatry patients.
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| 3. |
- Canova, C., et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal and antibiotic exposures and the risk of developing childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease : A nested case-control study based on a population-based birth cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of early-life environmental exposures on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) onset remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of perinatal conditions and antibiotic use in the first 6 and 12 months of life, on the risk of childhood-onset IBD, in a birth cohort of the region Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). A nested case-control design on a longitudinal cohort of 213,515 newborns was adopted. Conditional binomial regression models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all analyzed risk factors. We identified 164 individuals with IBD onset before the age of 18 years and 1640 controls. None of the considered perinatal conditions were associated with IBD. Analyses on antibiotic exposure were based on 70 cases and 700 controls. Risks were significantly higher for children with ≥4 antibiotic prescriptions in the first 6 and 12 months of life (OR = 6.34; 95%CI 1.68–24.02 and OR = 2.91; 95%CI 1.31–6.45, respectively). This association was present only among patients with Crohn’s disease and those with earlier IBD onset. We found that perinatal characteristics were not associated to IBD, while the frequent use of antibiotics during the first year of life was associated to an increased risk of developing subsequent childhood-onset IBD.
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| 4. |
- Cantarutti, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Treated and Untreated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the First Year of Life with the Subsequent Development of Asthma
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well as its treatment with acid-suppressive medications have been considered possible risk factors for the development of asthma, but few studies have disentangled the role of GERD with that of its treatment. The present study aimed at estimating the association of treated and untreated GERD in the first year of life with the risk of asthma.Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all children born between 2004 and 2015 registered in Pedianet, an Italian primary care database. We analyzed the association of children exposed to GERD (both treated and untreated) in the first year of life with the risk of developing clinically assessed asthma (clinical asthma) after 3 years. Secondary outcomes included asthma identified by anti-asthmatic medications (treated asthma) and wheezing after 3 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated comparing children with and without GERD, stratifying by treatment with acid-suppressive medications.Results: Out of 86,381 children, 1652 (1.9%) were affected by GERD in the first year of life, of which 871 (53%) were treated with acid-suppressive medications. Compared with controls, children with GERD were at increased risk of clinical asthma (HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.70). Risks were similar between treated and untreated GERD (p = 0.41). Comparable results were found for treated asthma, but no risk increase was seen for wheezing.Discussion: Early-life GERD was associated with subsequent childhood asthma. Similar risks among children with treated and untreated GERD suggest that acid-suppressive medications are unlikely to play a major role in the development asthma.
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| 5. |
- Carlberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased Survival of Glioma Patients with Astrocytoma Grade IV (Glioblastoma Multiforme) Associated with Long-Term Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 11:10, s. 10790-10805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 31 May 2011 the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorised radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from mobile phones, and from other devices that emit similar non-ionising electromagnetic fields, as a Group 2B, i.e., a "possible", human carcinogen. A causal association would be strengthened if it could be shown that the use of wireless phones has an impact on the survival of glioma patients. We analysed survival of 1678 glioma patients in our 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 case-control studies. Use of wireless phones in the >20 years latency group (time since first use) yielded an increased hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.3 for glioma. For astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme; n = 926) mobile phone use yielded HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4-2.9 and cordless phone use HR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.04-11 in the same latency category. The hazard ratio for astrocytoma grade IV increased statistically significant per year of latency for wireless phones, HR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.007-1.033, but not per 100 h cumulative use, HR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.999-1.005. HR was not statistically significant increased for other types of glioma. Due to the relationship with survival the classification of IARC is strengthened and RF-EMF should be regarded as human carcinogen requiring urgent revision of current exposure guidelines.
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| 6. |
- Fang, X., et al.
(författare)
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A Two-Stage Method to Estimate the Contribution of Road Traffic to PM(2).(5) Concentrations in Beijing, China
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPIAG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fine particulate matters with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) have been a critical environmental problem in China due to the rapid road vehicle growth in recent years. To date, most methods available to estimate traffic contributions to ambient PM2.5 concentration are often hampered by the need for collecting data on traffic volume, vehicle type and emission profile.Objective: To develop a simplified and indirect method to estimate the contribution of traffic to PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, China.Methods: Hourly PM2.5 concentration data, daily meteorological data and geographic information were collected at 35 air quality monitoring (AQM) stations in Beijing between 2013 and 2014. Based on the PM2.5 concentrations of different AQM station types, a two-stage method comprising a dispersion model and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was developed to estimate separately the traffic and non-traffic contributions to daily PM2.5 concentration. The geographical trend of PM2.5 concentrations was investigated using generalized linear mixed model. The temporal trend of PM2.5 and non-linear relationship between PM2.5 and meteorological conditions were assessed using GAMM.Results: The medians of daily PM2.5 concentrations during 2013-2014 at 35 AQM stations in Beijing ranged from 40 to 92 mug/m(3). There was a significant increasing trend of PM2.5 concentration from north to south. The contributions of road traffic to daily PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 17.2% to 37.3% with an average 30%. The greatest contribution was found at AQM stations near busy roads. On average, the contribution of road traffic at urban stations was 14% higher than that at rural stations.Conclusions: Traffic emissions account for a substantial share of daily total PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing. Our two-stage method is a useful and convenient tool in ecological and epidemiological studies to estimate the traffic contribution to PM2.5 concentrations when there is limited information on vehicle number and types and emission profile.
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| 7. |
- Fang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Generalized Additive Models for Assessing the Association between Daily Exposure to Fine Particles and Respiratory Mortality : A Simulation Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the performance of frequentist and Bayesian generalized additive models (GAMs) in terms of accuracy and precision for assessing the association between daily exposure to fine particles and respiratory mortality using simulated data based on a real time-series study.Methods: In our study, we examined the estimates from a fully Bayesian GAM using simulated data based on a genuine time-series study on fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 m or less (PM2.5) and respiratory deaths conducted in Shanghai, China. The simulation was performed by multiplying the observed daily death with a random error. The underlying priors for Bayesian analysis are estimated using the real world time-series data. We also examined the sensitivity of Bayesian GAM to the choice of priors and to true parameter.Results: The frequentist GAM and Bayesian GAM show similar means and variances of the estimates of the parameters of interest. However, the estimates from Bayesian GAM show relatively more fluctuation, which to some extent reflects the uncertainty inherent in Bayesian estimation.Conclusions: Although computationally intensive, Bayesian GAM would be a better solution to avoid potentially over-confident inferences. With the increasing computing power of computers and statistical packages available, fully Bayesian methods for decision making may become more widely applied in the future.
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| 8. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
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Further Exploration of the Psychometric Properties of GamTest : A Rasch Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GamTest is a self-rating scale of negative consequences of gambling, included in the popular responsible gambling tool Playscan as part of an overall risk assessment and feedback feature. Two previous psychometric evaluations of this instrument yielded contradictory results: in an online high-gambling population, a five-factor model was supported and the instrument had overall good psychometric properties, but in a low-gambling population, the same factor structure was not supported. Because GamTest is used with both low- and high-gambling populations, more psychometric research is needed to fully understand how the instrument works. The current study examined, for the first time, psychometric performance among a sample of low-gambling respondents using a Rasch analysis. Results indicated that the instrument could be improved by decreasing the scale-steps and removing several problematic items demonstrating misfit. Furthermore, the findings indicated that some items functioned differently depending on gender, and that a shortened, improved nine-item version could not differentiate between different levels of risk. Our findings suggest that the instrument would arguably benefit from being adapted for use in a low-gambling population.
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| 9. |
- Geidne, Susanna, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Health Promotion in Sport, through Sport, as an Outcome of Sport, or Health-Promoting Sport : What Is the Difference?
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What do we currently know about the relationship between health promotion and sport in research? In this editorial, we will argue that it depends on how the concepts of health promotion and sport are delineated. Because of this, the relation can be more or less inclusive than expected at first glance.
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| 10. |
- Geidne, Susanna, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth Perspectives on What Makes a Sports Club a Health-Promoting Setting : Viewed through a Salutogenic Settings-Based Lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sports participation has the potential to contribute to young people's health. A prerequisite for young people to benefit from sports is that they stay in sports. Studies that consider both personal and contextual factors are needed to unpack the broader health-promoting potential of youth sports. The purpose of the study is to contribute to knowledge about the health-promoting potential of young people's participation in organized sports by exploring youth perspectives on what makes a sports club health-promoting with a focus on health resources that young people consider important for sports club participation. For this cross-sectional study a brief survey was conducted with 15-16 year old students (n = 123) at two schools in Sweden, asking three open-ended questions about their participation in sports. The study used a salutogenic theory-driven analysis in combination with statistical analysis. Five health resources that young people consider important for sports club participation are revealed. On an individual, more 'swimmer'-related level, these are personal well-being and social relations, including relationally meaningful activities, and on an organizational level, relating to the 'river', that sports clubs offer a supportive and well-functioning environment. For sports clubs to be health-promoting settings for young people and thus hopefully to reduce drop-out, we need a more sustainable approach emphasizing drop-in, drop-through, and drop-over as a continuous iterative process. We also need to consider the complexity of sports participation for young people, involving individual, organizational and environmental issues.
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