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Sökning: L773:1864 5631 OR L773:1864 564X > Teknik

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1.
  • Wang, Zhihang, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar Energy Storage Applications
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Chemsuschem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:15, s. 3049-3055
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Efficient solar energy storage is a key challenge in striving toward a sustainable future. For this reason, molecules capable of solar energy storage and release through valence isomerization, for so-called molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST), have been investigated. Energy storage by photo-conversion of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photothermal couple has been evaluated. The robust nature of this system is determined through multiple energy storage and release cycles at elevated temperatures in three different solvents. In a nonpolar solvent such as toluene, the DHA/VHF system can be cycled more than 70 times with less than 0.01% degradation per cycle. Moreover, the [Cu(CH(3)CN4] P-6-catalyzed conversion of VHF into DHA was demonstrated in a flow reactor. The performance of the DHA/VHF couple was also evaluated in prototype photoconversion devices, both in the laboratory by using a flow chip under simulated sunlight and under outdoor conditions by using a parabolic mirror. Device experiments demonstrated a solar energy storage efficiency of up to 0.13% in the chip device and up to 0.02% in the parabolic collector. Avenues for future improvements and optimization of the system are also discussed.
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2.
  • Argyropoulos, Dimitris D. S., et al. (författare)
  • Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X.
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
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3.
  • Su, Wenyan, et al. (författare)
  • 13.4 % Efficiency from All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on a Crystalline Donor with Chlorine and Trialkylsilyl Substitutions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 14:17, s. 3535-3543
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • How to simultaneously achieve both high open-circuit voltage (Voc) and high short-circuit current density (Jsc) is a big challenge for realising high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (all-SM OSCs). Herein, a novel small molecule (SM)-donor, namely FYSM−SiCl, with trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions was designed and synthesized. Compared to the original SM-donor FYSM−H, FYSM−Si with trialkylsilyl substitution showed a decreased crystallinity and lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, while FYSM−SiCl had an improved crystallinity, more ordered packing arrangement, significantly lower HOMO level, and predominant “face-on” orientation. Matched with a SM-acceptor Y6, the FYSM−SiCl-based all-SM OSCs exhibited both high Voc of 0.85 V and high Jsc of 23.7 mA cm−2, which is rare for all-SM OSCs and could be attributed to the low HOMO level of FYSM−SiCl donor and the delicate balance between high crystallinity and suitable blend morphology. As a result, FYSM−SiCl achieved a high PCE of 13.4 % in all-SM OSCs, which was much higher than those of the FYSM−H- (10.9 %) and FYSM−Si-based devices (12.2 %). This work demonstrated a promising method for the design of efficient SM-donors by a side-chain engineering strategy via the introduction of trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions.
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4.
  • Agostini, Marco, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Rational Design of Low Cost and High Energy Lithium Batteries through Tailored Fluorine-free Electrolyte and Nanostructured S/C Composite
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 11:17, s. 2981-2986
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report a new Li–S cell concept based on an optimized F-free catholyte solution and a high loading nanostructured C/S composite cathode. The Li2S8present in the electrolyte ensures both buffering against active material dissolution and Li+conduction. The high S loading is obtained by confining elemental S (≈80 %) in the pores of a highly ordered mesopores carbon (CMK3). With this concept we demonstrate stabilization of a high energy density and excellent cycling performance over 500 cycles. This Li–S cell has a specific capacity that reaches over 1000 mA h g−1, with an overall S loading of 3.6 mg cm−2and low electrolyte volume (i.e., 10 μL cm−2), resulting in a practical energy density of 365 Wh kg−1. The Li–S system proposed thus meets the requirements for large scale energy storage systems and is expected to be environmentally friendly and have lower cost compared with the commercial Li-ion battery thanks to the removal of both Co and F from the overall formulation.
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5.
  • Harillo-Baños, Albert, et al. (författare)
  • High-Throughput Screening of Blade-Coated Polymer:Polymer Solar Cells: Solvent Determines Achievable Performance
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 15:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optimization of a new system for organic solar cells is a multiparametric analysis problem that requires substantial efforts in terms of time and resources. The strong microstructure-dependent performance of polymer:polymer cells makes them particularly difficult to optimize, or to translate previous knowledge from spin coating into more scalable techniques. In this work, the photovoltaic performance of blade-coated devices was studied based on the promising polymer:polymer system PBDB-T and PF5-Y5 as donor and acceptor, respectively. Using the recently developed high-throughput methodology, the system was optimized for multiple variables, including solvent system, active layer composition, ratio, and thickness, among others, by fabricating more than 500 devices with less than 24 mg of each component. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the blade-coated devices varied from 0.08 to 6.43 % in the best device. The performed statistical analysis of the large experimental data obtained showed that solvent selection had the major impact on the final device performance due to its influence on the active layer microstructure. As a conclusion, the use of the plot of the device efficiency in the Hansen space was proposed as a powerful tool to guide solvent selection in organic photovoltaics.
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6.
  • Jönsson, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Biocatalysis in the Recycling Landscape for Synthetic Polymers and Plastics towards Circular Textiles
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 14:19, s. 4028-4040
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although recovery of fibers from used textiles with retained material quality is desired, separation of individual components from polymer blends used in today's complex textile materials is currently not available at viable scale. Biotechnology could provide a solution to this pressing problem by enabling selective depolymerization of recyclable fibers of natural and synthetic origin, to isolate constituents or even recover monomers. We compiled experimental data for biocatalytic polymer degradation with a focus on synthetic polymers with hydrolysable links and calculated conversion rates to explore this path The analysis emphasizes that we urgently need major research efforts: beyond cellulose-based fibers, biotechnological-assisted depolymerization of plastics so far only works for polyethylene terephthalate, with degradation of a few other relevant synthetic polymer chains being reported. In contrast, by analyzing market data and emerging trends for synthetic fibers in the textile industry, in combination with numbers from used garment collection and sorting plants, it was shown that the use of difficult-to-recycle blended materials is rapidly growing. If the lack of recycling technology and production trend for fiber blends remains, a volume of more than 3400 Mt of waste will have been accumulated by 2030. This work highlights the urgent need to transform the textile industry from a biocatalytic perspective.
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7.
  • Li, Yuanyuan, et al. (författare)
  • Lignin-Retaining Transparent Wood
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:17, s. 3445-3451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optically transparent wood, combining optical and mechanical performance, is an emerging new material for light-transmitting structures in buildings with the aim of reducing energy consumption. One of the main obstacles for transparent wood fabrication is delignification, where around 30wt% of wood tissue is removed to reduce light absorption and refractive index mismatch. This step is time consuming and not environmentally benign. Moreover, lignin removal weakens the wood structure, limiting the fabrication of large structures. A green and industrially feasible method has now been developed to prepare transparent wood. Up to 80wt% of lignin is preserved, leading to a stronger wood template compared to the delignified alternative. After polymer infiltration, a high-lignin-content transparent wood with transmittance of 83%, haze of 75%, thermal conductivity of 0.23WmK(-1), and work-tofracture of 1.2MJm(-3) (a magnitude higher than glass) was obtained. This transparent wood preparation method is efficient and applicable to various wood species. The transparent wood obtained shows potential for application in energy-saving buildings.
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8.
  • Lindahl, Niklas, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Fuel Cell Measurements with Cathode Catalysts of Sputtered Pt3Y Thin Films
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 11:9, s. 1438-1445
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fuel cells are foreseen to have an important role in sustainable energy systems, provided that catalysts with higher activity and stability are developed. In this study, highly active sputtered thin films of platinum alloyed with yttrium (Pt 3 Y) are deposited on commercial gas diffusion layers and their performance in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is measured. After acid pretreatment, the alloy is found to have up to 2.5 times higher specific activity than pure platinum. The performance of Pt 3 Y is much higher than that of pure Pt, even if all of the alloying element was leached out from parts of the thin metal film on the porous support. This indicates that an even higher performance is expected if the structure of the Pt 3 Y catalyst or the support could be further improved. The results show that platinum alloyed with rare earth metals can be used as highly active cathode catalyst materials, and significantly reduce the amount of platinum needed, in real fuel cells.
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9.
  • Sapountzaki, Eleftheria, et al. (författare)
  • Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 16:17
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy-intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2-recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
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10.
  • Sarmad, Shokat, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon Dioxide Capture with Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents : A New Generation of Sorbents
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:2, s. 324-352
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High cost and high energy penalty for CO2 uptake from flue gases are important obstacles in large-scale industrial applications, and developing efficient technology for CO2 capture from technical and economic points is crucial. Ionic liquids (ILs) show the potential for CO2 separation owing to their inherent advantages, and have been proposed as alternatives to overcome the drawbacks of conventional sorbents. Chemical modification of ILs to improve their performance in CO2 absorption has received more attention. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new generation of ILs are considered as more economical alternatives to cope with the deficiencies of high cost and high viscosity of conventional ILs. This Review discusses the potential of functionalized ILs and DESs as CO2 sorbents. Incorporation of CO2 -philic functional groups, such as amine, in cation and/or anion moiety of ILs can promot their absorption capacity. In general, the functionalization of the anion part of ILs is more effective than the cation part. DESs represent favorable solvent properties and are capable of capturing CO2 , but the research work is scarce and undeveloped compared to the studies conducted on ILs. It is possible to develop novel DESs with promising absorption capacity. However, more investigation needs to be carried out on the mechanism of CO2 sorption of DESs to clarify how these novel sorbents can be adjusted and fine-tuned to be best tailored as optimized media for CO2 capture.
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