| 1. |
- Ma, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Recycled Poly(vinyl alcohol) Sponge for Carbon Encapsulation of Size-Tunable Tin Dioxide Nanocrystalline Composites
- 2015
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 8:12, s. 2084-2092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recycling of industrial materials could reduce their environmental impact and waste haulage fees and result in sustainable manufacturing. In this work, commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sponges are recycled into a macroporous carbon matrix to encapsulate size-tunable SnO2 nanocrystals as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through a scalable, flash-combustion method. The hydroxyl groups present copiously in the recycled PVA sponges guarantee a uniform chemical coupling with a tin(IV) citrate complex through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Then, a scalable, ultrafast combustion process (30s) carbonizes the PVA sponge into a 3D carbon matrix. This PVA-sponge-derived carbon could not only buffer the volume fluctuations upon the Li-Sn alloying and dealloying processes but also afford a mixed conductive network, that is, a continuous carbon framework for electrical transport and macropores for facile electrolyte percolation. The best-performing electrode based on this composite delivers a rate performance up to 9.72C (4Ag(-1)) and long-term cyclability (500cycles) for Li+ ion storage. Moreover, cyclic voltammograms demonstrate the coexistence of alloying and dealloying processes and non-diffusion-controlled pseudocapacitive behavior, which collectively contribute to the high-rate Li+ ion storage.
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| 2. |
- Valvo, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Iron-Based Electrodes Meet Water-Based Preparation, Fluorine-Free Electrolyte and Binder : A Chance for More Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries?
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:11, s. 2431-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmentally friendly and cost-effective Li-ion cells are fabricated with abundant, non-toxic LiFePO4 cathodes and iron oxide anodes. A water-soluble alginate binder is used to coat both electrodes to reduce the environmental footprint. The critical reactivity of LiPF6-based electrolytes toward possible traces of H2O in water-processed electrodes is overcome by using a lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) salt. The absence of fluorine in the electrolyte and binder is a cornerstone for improved cell chemistry and results in stable battery operation. A dedicated approach to exploit conversion-type anodes more effectively is also disclosed. The issue of large voltage hysteresis upon conversion/de-conversion is circumvented by operating iron oxide in a deeply lithiated Fe/Li2O form. Li-ion cells with energy efficiencies of up to 92% are demonstrated if LiFePO4 is cycled versus such anodes prepared through a prelithiation procedure. These cells show an average energy efficiency of approximately 90.66% and a mean Coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.65% over 320 cycles at current densities of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mAcm(-2). They retain nearly 100% of their initial discharge capacity and provide an unmatched operation potential of approximately 2.85 V for this combination of active materials. No occurrence of Li plating was detected in three-electrode cells at charging rates of approximately 5C. Excellent rate capabilities of up to approximately 30C are achieved thanks to the exploitation of size effects from the small Fe nanoparticles and their reactive boundaries.
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