| 1. |
- Norström, Thor, et al.
(författare)
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The Link Between Alcohol Sales and Alcohol-Related Harm in Finland, 1995-2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 81:5, s. 641-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:A key assumption in Finnish alcohol policy is that the officially registered alcohol consumption (i.e., alcohol sales) is closely related to alcohol-related harm. During the last two decades, a sizable part of total alcohol consumption, however, comprises unrecorded consumption, which may potentially make alcohol sales less powerful as a predictor of alcohol-related harm. This article thus aims to estimate the relationship between alcohol sales and alcohol-related harm on the basis of more recent Finnish time-series data.Method:Data on alcohol sales (liters of 100% alcohol/capita age 15 years and older) were obtained from the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. As indicators of harm, we used police-reported assaults and three forms of mortality: alcohol-specific mortality, accidents, and suicide. Quarterly data on mortality and alcohol sales spanned the period 1995–2016, and data on police-reported offenses covered the period 1990–2016. Data were analyzed by SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) modeling.Results:A positive and significant association between alcohol sales and all harm indicators was found. A 1-L increase in alcohol sales per capita was associated with a 20% increase in alcohol-specific mortality, a 12% increase in assaults, and a 5%–6% increase in accidents and suicide. These estimates are in line with earlier findings estimated on data for the period when unrecorded alcohol consumption was less common in Finland.Conclusions:The results provide support for a continued strong relationship between alcohol sales and alcohol-related harm in Finland. Policy measures aimed at lowering alcohol sales were supported from these results.
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| 2. |
- Norström, Thor, et al.
(författare)
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The Link Between Per Capita Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harm in Sweden, 1987–2015
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 79:4, s. 578-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Recent studies have suggested a weakening of the relationship between population drinking and harm in Sweden. The aim of the present article was to estimate this association on the basis of more recent Swedish time-series data.Method:The Swedish state monopoly’s (Systembolaget) alcohol sales were used as a proxy for population drinking, expressed in liters 100% alcohol per capita ages 15 and older. As indicators of harm we used mortality (cirrhosis mortality, accidents, and suicide), police-reported assaults, and drink driving. Quarterly data on mortality and alcohol consumption spanned the period 1987Q1–2015Q1, and the data on police-reported offenses covered the period 1995Q1–2015Q1. Data were analyzed by applying the technique of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling.Results:We found a positive and statistically significant association between population drinking and all harm indicators. A 1 L increase in per capita consumption was associated with a 19% increase in cirrhosis mortality and a 17% increase in drink driving. The effects on the other harm rates were estimated to be between 11% and 13%. These estimates are in line with earlier findings except the estimate for cirrhosis, which was weaker and now similar to findings for other countries.Conclusions:The results provide continuing support for a strong relationship between population drinking and alcohol-related harm in Sweden. Policy measures aimed at lowering the level of drinking gained support from these results.
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| 3. |
- Sherk, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption and the Physical Availability of Take-Away Alcohol : Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Days and Hours of Sale and Outlet Density
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 79:1, s. 58-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were completed studying the effect of changes in the physical availability of take-away alcohol on per capita alcohol consumption. Previous reviews examining this topic have not focused on off-premise outlets where take-away alcohol is sold and have not completed meta-analyses. Method: Systematic reviews were conducted separately for policies affecting the temporal availability (days and hours of sale) and spatial availability (outlet density) of take-away alcohol. Studies were included up to December 2015. Quality criteria were used to select articles that studied the effect of changes in these policies on alcohol consumption with a focus on natural experiments. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to produce the estimated effect of an additional day of sale on total and beverage-specific consumption. Results: Separate systematic reviews identifi ed seven studies regarding days and hours of sale and four studies regarding density. The majority of articles included in these systematic reviews, for days/hours of sale (7/7) and outlet density (3/4), concluded that restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol reduces per capita alcohol consumption. Meta-analyses studying the ef-fect of adding one additional day of sale found that this was associated with per capita consumption increases of 3.4% (95% CI [2.7, 4.1]) for total alcohol, 5.3% (95% CI [3.2, 7.4]) for beer, 2.6% (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]) for wine, and 2.6% (95% CI [2.1, 3.2]) for spirits. The small number of included studies regarding hours of sale and density precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decreasing the physical availability of take-away alcohol will decrease per capita consumption. As decreasing per capita consumption has been shown to reduce alcohol-related harm, restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol would be expected to result in improvements to public health.
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| 4. |
- Sundin, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of One-Year Persistence of Harm From a Known Person's Drinking : Findings From a Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 85:2, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Few studies have investigated the persistence over time of experiences of harm from a known person's drinking. The aim of this study was to describe 1-year persistence and investigate its predictors at baseline. Potential predictors included the harmed person's sociodemographic factors, their own drinking habits, their relationship to the person causing harm, and the type of negative experience.Method:The sample included respondents who reported experiencing harm from a known person's drinking in a general population survey in 2013 and participated in a follow-up survey in 2014 (n = 1,203). One-year persistence of experienced harm was defined as reporting any harm in both surveys. We investigated potential baseline predictors of persistence by estimating relative risks and 95% confidence intervals through modified binary Poisson regression analyses with robust error variance.Results:One-year persistence of experiencing any type of harm from a known person's drinking was seen in 52.5% of those reporting harm at baseline and was higher among women (56.7%) than men (43.3%). Reporting harm from a partner, parent, or other household member significantly predicted 1-year persistence, as did severity of overall perceived harm at baseline.Conclusions:In Sweden, 1-year persistence of experienced harm from a known person's drinking is common in most individuals. The risk of experiencing such harm is higher among women, when harm occurs within close relationships, and when it is experienced as severe at baseline. Support to individuals in these situations is crucial.
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